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diff --git a/docs/gnulinux/encrypted_debian.html b/docs/gnulinux/encrypted_debian.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e7e9c773 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/gnulinux/encrypted_debian.html @@ -0,0 +1,519 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + + <style type="text/css"> + @import url('../css/main.css'); + </style> + + <title>Installing Debian or Trisquel GNU/Linux with full disk encryption (including /boot)</title> +</head> + +<body> + <div class="section"> + <h1>Installing Debian or Trisquel GNU/Linux with full disk encryption (including /boot)</h1> + <p> + The libreboot project recommends Debian, because it is more stable and up to date, + while still being entirely free software by default. Leah Rowe, libreboot's + lead maintainer, also runs Debian. See: + <a href="../distros/">../distros/</a> + </p> + <p> + Libreboot on x86 uses the GRUB <a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Payloads#GRUB_2">payload</a> + by default, which means that the GRUB configuration file + (where your GRUB menu comes from) is stored directly alongside libreboot + and its GRUB payload executable, inside + the flash chip. In context, this means that installing distributions and managing them + is handled slightly differently compared to traditional BIOS systems. + </p> + + <p> + On most systems, the /boot partition has to be left unencrypted while the others are encrypted. + This is so that GRUB, and therefore the kernel, can be loaded and executed since the firmware + can't open a LUKS volume. Not so with libreboot! Since GRUB is already included directly as a + payload, even /boot can be encrypted. This protects /boot from tampering by someone with physical + access to the system. + </p> + <p> + This guide is written for Debian. + This also works in Trisquel 7 (probably Trisquel 8), and probably Trisquel 6. Boot the 'net installer' (Install Trisquel in Text Mode). + <a href="grub_boot_installer.html">How to boot a GNU/Linux installer</a>. + </p> + <p> + <b>This guide is *only* for the GRUB payload. If you use the depthcharge payload, ignore this section entirely.</b> + </p> + + + <p> + Note: on some thinkpads, a faulty DVD drive can cause the cryptomount -a step during boot to fail. If this happens to you, try removing the drive. + </p> + <p><a href="index.html">Back to previous index</a></p> + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <p> + Set a strong user password (lots of lowercase/uppercase, numbers and symbols). + </p> + + <p> + Use of the <i>diceware method</i> is recommended, for generating secure passphrases (instead of passwords). + </p> + + <p> + when the installer asks you to set up + encryption (ecryptfs) for your home directory, select 'Yes' if you want to: <b>LUKS is already secure and performs well. Having ecryptfs on top of it + will add noticeable performance penalty, for little security gain in most use cases. This is therefore optional, and not recommended. + Choose 'no'.</b> + </p> + + <p> + <b> + Your user password should be different from the LUKS password which you will set later on. + Your LUKS password should, like the user password, be secure. + </b> + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Partitioning</h1> + + <p>Choose 'Manual' partitioning:</p> + <ul> + <li>Select drive and create new partition table</li> + <li> + Single large partition. The following are mostly defaults: + <ul> + <li>Use as: physical volume for encryption</li> + <li>Encryption: aes</li> + <li>key size: whatever default is given to you</li> + <li>IV algorithm: whatever default is given to you</li> + <li>Encryption key: passphrase</li> (<i>diceware method</i> recommended for choosing password) + <li>erase data: Yes (only choose 'No' if it's a new drive that doesn't contain your private data)</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Select 'configure encrypted volumes' + <ul> + <li>Create encrypted volumes</li> + <li>Select your partition</li> + <li>Finish</li> + <li>Really erase: Yes</li> + <li>(erase will take a long time. be patient)</li> + <li>(if your old system was encrypted, just let this run for about a minute to + make sure that the LUKS header is wiped out)</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Select encrypted space: + <ul> + <li>use as: physical volume for LVM</li> + <li>Choose 'done setting up the partition'</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Configure the logical volume manager: + <ul> + <li>Keep settings: Yes</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Create volume group: + <ul> + <li>Name: <b>matrix</b> (you can use whatever you want here, this is just an example)</li> + <li>Select crypto partition</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Create logical volume + <ul> + <li>select <b>matrix</b> (or whatever you named it before)</li> + <li>name: <b>root</b> (you can use whatever you want here, this is just an example)</li> + <li>size: default, minus 2048 MB</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Create logical volume + <ul> + <li>select <b>matrix</b> (or whatever you named it before)</li> + <li>name: <b>swap</b> (you can use whatever you want here, this is just an example)</li> + <li>size: press enter</li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Further partitioning</h1> + + <p> + Now you are back at the main partitioning screen. You will simply set mountpoints and filesystems to use. + </p> + <ul> + <li> + LVM LV root + <ul> + <li>use as: btrfs</li> + <li>mount point: /</li> + <li>done setting up partition</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + LVM LV swap + <ul> + <li>use as: swap area</li> + <li>done setting up partition</li> + </ul> + </li> + <li>Now you select 'Finished partitioning and write changes to disk'.</li> + </ul> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Kernel</h1> + + <p> + Installation will ask what kernel you want to use. linux-generic is fine. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Tasksel (Debian or Trisquel)</h1> + + <p> + Choose <i>"Trisquel Desktop Environment"</i> if you want GNOME, + <i>"Trisquel-mini Desktop Environment"</i> if you + want LXDE or <i>"Triskel Desktop Environment"</i> if you want KDE. + If you want to have no desktop (just a basic shell) + when you boot or if you want to create your own custom setup, then choose nothing here (don't select anything). + You might also want to choose some of the other package groups; it's up to you. + </p> + <p> + For Debian, use the <em>MATE</em> option, or one of the others if you want. + </p> + <p> + On Debian or Trisquel, you may also want to select the option for a printer server, + so that you can print. + </p> + <p> + If you want debian-testing, then you should only select barebones options here + and change the entries in /etc/apt/sources.list after install to point to the new distro, + and then run <strong>apt-get update</strong> and <strong>apt-get dist-upgrade</strong> + as root, then reboot and run <b>tasksel</b> as root. This is to avoid downloading large + packages twice. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Postfix configuration</h1> + + <p> + If asked, choose <i>"No Configuration"</i> here (or maybe you want to select something else. It's up to you.) + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Install the GRUB boot loader to the master boot record</h1> + + <p> + Choose 'Yes'. It will fail, but don't worry. Then at the main menu, choose 'Continue without a bootloader'. + You could also choose 'No'. Choice is irrelevant here. + </p> + + <p> + <i>You do not need to install GRUB at all, since in libreboot you are using the GRUB payload (for libreboot) to boot your system directly.</i> + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1>Clock UTC</h1> + + <p> + Just say 'Yes'. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1> + Booting your system + </h1> + + <p> + At this point, you will have finished the installation. At your GRUB payload, press C to get to the command line. + </p> + + <p> + Do that:<br/> + grub> <b>cryptomount -a</b><br/> + grub> <b>set root='lvm/matrix-root'</b><br/> + grub> <b>linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/mapper/matrix-root cryptdevice=/dev/mapper/matrix-root:root</b><br/> + grub> <b>initrd /initrd.img</b><br/> + grub> <b>boot</b> + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1> + ecryptfs + </h1> + + <p> + If you didn't encrypt your home directory, then you can safely ignore this section. + </p> + + <p> + Immediately after logging in, do that:<br/> + $ <b>sudo ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase</b> + </p> + + <p> + This will be needed in the future if you ever need to recover your home directory from another system, so write it down and keep the note + somewhere secret. Ideally, you should memorize it and then burn the note (or not even write it down, and memorize it still)> + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1> + Modify grub.cfg (CBFS) + </h1> + + <p> + Now you need to set it up so that the system will automatically boot, without having to type a bunch of commands. + </p> + + <p> + Modify your grub.cfg (in the firmware) <a href="grub_cbfs.html">using this tutorial</a>; + just change the default menu entry 'Load Operating System' to say this inside: + </p> + + <p> + <b>cryptomount -a</b><br/> + <b>set root='lvm/matrix-root'</b><br/> + <b>linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/mapper/matrix-root cryptdevice=/dev/mapper/matrix-root:root</b><br/> + <b>initrd /initrd.img</b> + </p> + + <p> + Without specifying a device, the <i>-a</i> parameter tries to unlock all detected LUKS volumes. + You can also specify -u UUID or -a (device). + </p> + + <p> + Additionally, you should set a GRUB password. This is not your LUKS password, but it's a password that you have to enter to see + GRUB. This protects your system from an attacker simply booting a live USB and re-flashing your firmware. <b>This should be different than your LUKS passphrase and user password.</b> + </p> + <p> + Use of the <i>diceware method</i> is recommended, for generating secure passphrases (as opposed to passwords). + </p> + + <p> + The GRUB utility can be used like so:<br/> + $ <b>grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2</b> + </p> + + <p> + Give it a password (remember, it has to be secure) and it'll output something like:<br/> + <b>grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.711F186347156BC105CD83A2ED7AF1EB971AA2B1EB2640172F34B0DEFFC97E654AF48E5F0C3B7622502B76458DA494270CC0EA6504411D676E6752FD1651E749.8DD11178EB8D1F633308FD8FCC64D0B243F949B9B99CCEADE2ECA11657A757D22025986B0FA116F1D5191E0A22677674C994EDBFADE62240E9D161688266A711</b> + </p> + <p> + Use of the <i>diceware method</i> is recommended, for generating secure passphrases (instead of passwords). + </p> + + <p> + Put that in the grub.cfg (the one for CBFS inside the ROM) before the 'Load Operating System' menu entry like so (example):<br/> + </p> + <pre> +<b>set superusers="root"</b> +<b>password_pbkdf2 root grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.711F186347156BC105CD83A2ED7AF1EB971AA2B1EB2640172F34B0DEFFC97E654AF48E5F0C3B7622502B76458DA494270CC0EA6504411D676E6752FD1651E749.8DD11178EB8D1F633308FD8FCC64D0B243F949B9B99CCEADE2ECA11657A757D22025986B0FA116F1D5191E0A22677674C994EDBFADE62240E9D161688266A711</b> + </pre> + <p style="font-size:2em;"> + MAKE SURE TO DO THIS ON grubtest.cfg *BEFORE* DOING IT ON grub.cfg. + Then select the menu entry that says <i>Switch to grubtest.cfg</i> and test that it works. + Then copy that to grub.cfg once you're satisfied. + WHY? BECAUSE AN INCORRECTLY SET PASSWORD CONFIG MEANS YOU CAN'T AUTHENTICATE, WHICH MEANS 'BRICK'. + </p> + <p> + (emphasis added, because it's needed. This is a common roadblock for users) + </p> + + <p> + Obviously, replace it with the correct hash that you actually got for the password that you entered. Meaning, not the hash that you see above! + </p> + + <p> + After this, you will have a modified ROM with the menu entry for cryptomount, and the entry before that for the GRUB password. Flash the modified ROM + using <a href="../install/index.html#flashrom">this tutorial</a>. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <h1 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h1> + + <p> + A user reported issues when booting with a docking station attached + on an X200, when decrypting the disk in GRUB. The error + <i>AHCI transfer timed out</i> was observed. The workaround + was to remove the docking station. + </p> + + <p> + Further investigation revealed that it was the DVD drive causing problems. + Removing that worked around the issue. + </p> + +<pre> + +"sudo wodim -prcap" shows information about the drive: +Device was not specified. Trying to find an appropriate drive... +Detected CD-R drive: /dev/sr0 +Using /dev/cdrom of unknown capabilities +Device type : Removable CD-ROM +Version : 5 +Response Format: 2 +Capabilities : +Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST' +Identification : 'DVDRAM GU10N ' +Revision : 'MX05' +Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW. + +Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A: + + Does read CD-R media + Does write CD-R media + Does read CD-RW media + Does write CD-RW media + Does read DVD-ROM media + Does read DVD-R media + Does write DVD-R media + Does read DVD-RAM media + Does write DVD-RAM media + Does support test writing + + Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks + Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks + Does read digital audio blocks + Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately + Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording + Does read multi-session CDs + Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2 + Does not read CD bar code + Does not read R-W subcode information + Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in + Does return CD media catalog number + Does return CD ISRC information + Does support C2 error pointers + Does not deliver composite A/V data + + Does play audio CDs + Number of volume control levels: 256 + Does support individual volume control setting for each channel + Does support independent mute setting for each channel + Does not support digital output on port 1 + Does not support digital output on port 2 + + Loading mechanism type: tray + Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command + Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper + Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command + Is not currently in a media-locked state + Does not support changing side of disk + Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature + Does not support Individual Disk Present feature + + Maximum read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x) + Current read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x) + Maximum write speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x) + Current write speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x) + Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV + Buffer size in KB: 1024 + Copy management revision supported: 1 + Number of supported write speeds: 4 + Write speed # 0: 4234 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 24x, DVD 3x) + Write speed # 1: 2822 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 16x, DVD 2x) + Write speed # 2: 1764 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 10x, DVD 1x) + Write speed # 3: 706 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 4x, DVD 0x) + +Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37: + Does write multi speed CD-RW media + Does write high speed CD-RW media + Does write ultra high speed CD-RW media + Does not write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media + +</pre> + + </div> + + <div class="section"> + + <p> + Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org><br/> + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license + or any later version published by Creative Commons; + + A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../cc-by-sa-4.0.txt">../cc-by-sa-4.0.txt</a> + </p> + + <p> + Updated versions of the license (when available) can be found at + <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode</a> + </p> + + <p> + UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE + EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS + AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF + ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, + IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, + WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR + PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, + ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT + KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT + ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. + </p> + <p> + TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE + TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, + NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, + INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, + COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR + USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN + ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR + DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR + IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. + </p> + <p> + The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided + above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent + possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and + waiver of all liability. + </p> + + </div> + +</body> +</html> |