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diff --git a/docs/gnulinux/grub_boot_installer.md b/docs/gnulinux/grub_boot_installer.md index 10158619..4d6ee92d 100644 --- a/docs/gnulinux/grub_boot_installer.md +++ b/docs/gnulinux/grub_boot_installer.md @@ -1,224 +1,195 @@ --- -title: How to install GNU+Linux on a libreboot system +title: How to Install GNU+Linux on a Libreboot System x-toc-enable: true ... -This section relates to preparing, booting and installing a GNU+Linux -distribution on your libreboot system, using nothing more than a USB -flash drive (and `dd`). +This section relates to preparing and booting a Live USB for several +GNU+Linux distributions, on your Libreboot system, using nothing more than a USB +flash drive and the `dd` utility. For information on installing GNU+Linux, +refer to [this page](index.md). *This section is only for the GRUB payload. For depthcharge (used on CrOS devices in libreboot), instructions have yet to be written in the libreboot documentation.* -Prepare the USB drive (in GNU+Linux) ------------------------------------- - -If you downloaded your ISO on an existing GNU+Linux system, here is how +## Prepare the USB Drive (in GNU+Linux) +If you downloaded your ISO while on an existing GNU+Linux system, here is how to create the bootable GNU+Linux USB drive: -Connect the USB drive. Check dmesg: +Connect the USB drive. Check `dmesg`: - $ dmesg + $ dmesg -Check lsblk to confirm which drive it is: +Check `lsblk`, to confirm which drive it is: - $ lsblk + $ lsblk Check that it wasn't automatically mounted. If it was, unmount it. For example: - $ sudo umount /dev/sdX\* - # umount /dev/sdX\* + $ sudo umount /dev/sdX\* -dmesg told you what device it is. Overwrite the drive, writing your -distro ISO to it with dd. For example: +`dmesg` told you what device it is. Overwrite the drive, writing your +distro ISO to it with `dd`. Here is an example: - $ sudo dd if=gnulinux.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=8M; sync - # dd if=gnulinux.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=8M; sync + $ sudo dd if=gnulinux.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=8M; sync You should now be able to boot the installer from your USB drive. Continue reading, for information about how to do that. -Prepare the USB drive (in NetBSD) ---------------------------------- - -[This -page](https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick/) -on the NetBSD website shows how to create a NetBSD bootable USB drive -from within NetBSD itself. You should use the *dd* method documented -there. This will also work with any GNU+Linux ISO image. - -Prepare the USB drive (in FreeBSD) ----------------------------------- +## Prepare the USB drive (in NetBSD) +[This page](https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick/) +on the NetBSD website shows how to create a NetBSD bootable USB drive, +from within NetBSD itself. You should use the `dd` method documented there. +This will also work with any GNU+Linux ISO image. +## Prepare the USB drive (in FreeBSD) [This page](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall-pre.html) on the FreeBSD website shows how to create a bootable USB drive for -installing FreeBSD. Use the *dd* on that page. You can also use the same -instructions with any GNU+Linux ISO image.. - -Prepare the USB drive (in LibertyBSD or OpenBSD) ------------------------------------------------- +installing FreeBSD. Use the `dd` command format on that page. +You can also use the same instructions with any GNU+Linux ISO image.. +## Prepare the USB drive (in LibertyBSD or OpenBSD) If you downloaded your ISO on a LibertyBSD or OpenBSD system, here is how to create the bootable GNU+Linux USB drive: -Connect the USB drive. Check dmesg: +Connect the USB drive. Check `dmesg`: - $ dmesg | tail + $ dmesg | tail -Check to confirm which drive it is, for example, if you think its sd3: +Check to confirm which drive it is, for example, if you think its **sd3**: - $ disklabel sd3 + $ disklabel sd3 Check that it wasn't automatically mounted. If it was, unmount it. For example: - $ doas umount /dev/sd3i + $ doas umount /dev/sd3i -dmesg told you what device it is. Overwrite the drive, writing the -OpenBSD installer to it with dd. For example: +`dmesg` told you what device it is. Overwrite the drive, writing the +OpenBSD installer to it with `dd`. For example: - $ doas dd if=gnulinux.iso of=/dev/rsdXc bs=1M; sync + $ doas dd if=gnulinux.iso of=/dev/rsdXc bs=1M; sync You should now be able to boot the installer from your USB drive. Continue reading, for information about how to do that. -Installing GNU+Linux with full disk encryption ----------------------------------------------- - -- [Debian or Devuan GNU+Linux with full disk encryption](encrypted_debian.md) -- [Parabola GNU+Linux with full disk encryption](encrypted_parabola.md) - -Debian or Devuan net install? ------------------------------ - +## Debian or Devuan net install? Download the Debian or Devuan net installer. You can download the ISO -from the homepage on [debian.org](https://www.debian.org/), or [the -Devuan homepage](https://www.devuan.org/) for Devuan. Use this on the -GRUB terminal to boot it from USB (for 64-bit Intel or AMD): - - - set root='usb0' - linux /install.amd/vmlinuz - initrd /install.amd/initrd.gz - boot +from the homepage on [debian.org](https://www.debian.org/), or [the Devuan homepage](https://www.devuan.org/) for Devuan. Use this on the +GRUB terminal, to boot it from USB (for 64-bit Intel or AMD): -If you are on a 32-bit system (e.g. X60): + set root='usb0' + linux /install.amd/vmlinuz + initrd /install.amd/initrd.gz + boot - set root='usb0' - linux /install.386/vmlinuz - initrd /install.386/initrd.gz - boot +If you are on a 32-bit system (e.g. some Thinkpad X60's): -We recommend using the *MATE* desktop. + set root='usb0' + linux /install.386/vmlinuz + initrd /install.386/initrd.gz + boot -Booting ISOLINUX images (automatic method) ------------------------------------------- +## Booting ISOLINUX Images +### Automatic Method Boot it in GRUB using the *Parse ISOLINUX config (USB)* option. A new menu should appear in GRUB, showing the boot options for that distro; this is a GRUB menu, converted from the usual ISOLINUX menu provided by that distro. -Booting ISOLINUX images (manual method) ---------------------------------------- - -*These are generic instructions. They may or may not be correct for your +### Manual Method +These are generic instructions. They may or may not be correct for your distribution. You must adapt them appropriately, for whatever GNU+Linux -distribution it is that you are trying to install.* +distribution it is that you are trying to install. If the ISOLINUX parser or *Search for GRUB configuration* options won't -work, then press C in GRUB to access the command line. +work, then press C in GRUB to access the command line: - grub> ls + grub> ls Get the device from above output, eg (usb0). Example: - grub> cat (usb0)/isolinux/isolinux.cfg + grub> cat (usb0)/isolinux/isolinux.cfg Either this will show the ISOLINUX menuentries for that ISO, or link to other .cfg files, for example /isolinux/foo.cfg. If it did that, then you do: - grub> cat (usb0)/isolinux/foo.cfg + grub> cat (usb0)/isolinux/foo.cfg And so on, until you find the correct menuentries for ISOLINUX. *The file `/isolinux/foo.cfg` is a fictional example. Do not actually use this example, unless you actually have that file, if it is appropriate.* -For Debian or Devuan (and other debian-based distros), there are typically +For Debian or Devuan (and other Debian-based distros), there are typically menuentries listed in */isolinux/txt.cfg* or */isolinux/gtk.cfg*. For dual-architecture ISO images (i686 and x86\_64), there may be separate files/directories for each architecture. Just keep searching through the -image, until you find the correct ISOLINUX configuration file. NOTE: Debian 8.6 -ISO only lists 32-bit boot options in txt.cfg. This is important if you want -64-bit booting on your system. Devuan versions based on Debian 8.x may also -have the same issue. +image, until you find the correct ISOLINUX configuration file. + +**NOTE: Debian 8.6 ISO only lists 32-bit boot options in txt.cfg. This is important, if you want 64-bit booting on your system. Devuan versions based on Debian 8.x may also have the same issue.** -Now look at the ISOLINUX menuentry. It'll look like: +Now, look at the ISOLINUX menuentry. It'll look like this: - kernel /path/to/kernel append PARAMETERS initrd=/path/to/initrd ... + kernel /path/to/kernel append PARAMETERS initrd=/path/to/initrd ... -GRUB works similarly. Example GRUB commands: +GRUB works similarly; here are some example GRUB commands: - grub> set root='usb0' - grub> linux /path/to/kernel PARAMETERS MAYBE\_MORE\_PARAMETERS - grub> initrd /path/to/initrd - grub> boot + grub> set root='usb0' + grub> linux /path/to/kernel PARAMETERS MAYBE\_MORE\_PARAMETERS + grub> initrd /path/to/initrd + grub> boot -Note: *usb0* may be incorrect. Check the output of the *ls* command in -GRUB, to see a list of USB devices/partitions. Of course this will vary +Note: `usb0` may be incorrect. Check the output of the `ls` command (in +GRUB), to see a list of USB devices/partitions. Of course, this will vary from distro to distro. If you did all of that correctly, then it should now be booting your USB drive in the way that you specified. -Troubleshooting -=============== - -Most of these issues occur when using libreboot with coreboot's 'text -mode' instead of the coreboot framebuffer. This mode is useful for -booting payloads like memtest86+ which expect text-mode, but for -GNU+Linux distributions it can be problematic when they are trying to -switch to a framebuffer because it doesn't exist. +## Troubleshooting +Most of these issues occur when using Libreboot with Coreboot's 'text +mode' instead of the Coreboot framebuffer. This mode is useful for +booting payloads, like `MemTest86+`, which expect text-mode, but for +GNU+Linux distributions, it can be problematic when they are trying to +switch to a framebuffer, because it doesn't exist. -In most cases, you should use the vesafb ROM images. Example filename: -libreboot\_ukdvorak\_vesafb.rom. - -parabola won't boot in text-mode ---------------------------------- +In most cases, you should use the **vesafb** ROM images. Example filename: +**libreboot\_ukdvorak\_vesafb.rom**. +### Parabola Won't Boot in Text-Mode Use one of the ROM images with vesafb in the filename (uses coreboot framebuffer instead of text-mode). -debian-installer graphical corruption in text-mode (Debian and Devuan) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -When using the ROM images that use coreboot's "text mode" instead of +### debian-installer Graphical Corruption in Text-Mode (Debian and Devuan) +When using the ROM images that use Coreboot's "text mode" instead of the coreboot framebuffer, booting the Debian or Devuan net installer -results in graphical corruption because it is trying to switch to a -framebuffer which doesn't exist. Use that kernel parameter on the -'linux' line when booting it: +results in graphical corruption, because it is trying to switch to a +framebuffer, which doesn't exist. Use that kernel parameter on the +`linux` line, when booting it: - vga=normal fb=false + vga=normal fb=false This forces debian-installer to start in text-mode, instead of trying to switch to a framebuffer. If selecting text-mode from a GRUB menu created using the ISOLINUX -parser, you can press E on the menu entry to add this. Or, if you are -booting manually (from GRUB terminal) then just add the parameters. +parser, you can press `E` on the menu entry to add this. Or, if you are +booting manually (from GRUB terminal), then just add the parameters. -This workaround was found on the page: -<https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch05s04.html>. It should -also work for Debian, Devuan and any other apt-get distro that provides -debian-installer (text mode) net install method. +This workaround was found on the [Debian site](https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch05s04.html). It should also work for Devuan, and any other `apt-get` distro that provides the debian-installer (text mode) net install method. -Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\ -Copyright © 2016 Scott Bonds <scott@ggr.com>\ +Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org> + +Copyright © 2016 Scott Bonds <scott@ggr.com> + +Copyright © 2017 Elijah Smith <esmith1412@posteo.net> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts. A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md) + + |