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diff --git a/docs/hardware/t60_security.md b/docs/hardware/t60_security.md index 1ccfaa37..399d73be 100644 --- a/docs/hardware/t60_security.md +++ b/docs/hardware/t60_security.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -% Security on the ThinkPad T60 + +Security on the ThinkPad T60 +============================ Hardware modifications to enhance security on the ThinkPad T60. This tutorial is **incomplete** at the time of writing. [Back to previous index](./) + + Table of Contents ================= @@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ Software requirements {#software_requirements} - none (at least in the scope of the article as-is) - You probably want to encrypt your GNU+Linux install using LUKS + + Rationale ========= @@ -37,39 +43,33 @@ memory access that could communicate with inputs/outputs that could be used to remotely command the system (or leak data). All of this is purely theoretical for the time being. + + Disassembly {#procedure} =========== -Remove those screws and remove the HDD: - +Remove those screws and remove the HDD:\   -Lift off the palm rest: - +Lift off the palm rest:\  Lift up the keyboard, pull it back a bit, flip it over like that and -then disconnect it from the board: - +then disconnect it from the board:\    -Gently wedge both sides loose: - +Gently wedge both sides loose:\   -Remove that cable from the position: - +Remove that cable from the position:\   Now remove that bezel. Remove wifi, nvram battery and speaker connector -(also remove 56k modem, on the left of wifi): - - - +(also remove 56k modem, on the left of wifi):\ +\ Reason: has direct (and very fast) memory access, and could -(theoretically) leak data over a side-channel. - +(theoretically) leak data over a side-channel.\ **Wifi:** The ath5k/ath9k cards might not have firmware at all. They might safe but could have access to the computer's RAM trough DMA. If people have an intel card(most T60 laptops come with Intel wifi by @@ -77,53 +77,41 @@ default, until you change it),then that card runs a non-free firwamre and has access to the computer's RAM trough DMA! So the risk-level is very high. -Remove those screws: - +Remove those screws:\  -Disconnect the power jack: - +Disconnect the power jack:\  -Remove nvram battery (we will put it back later): - +Remove nvram battery (we will put it back later):\  -Disconnect cable (for 56k modem) and disconnect the other cable: - +Disconnect cable (for 56k modem) and disconnect the other cable:\   -Disconnect speaker cable: - +Disconnect speaker cable:\  -Disconnect the other end of the 56k modem cable: - +Disconnect the other end of the 56k modem cable:\  -Make sure you removed it: - +Make sure you removed it:\  -Unscrew those: - +Unscrew those:\  -Make sure you removed those: - +Make sure you removed those:\  -Disconnect LCD cable from board: - +Disconnect LCD cable from board:\  -Remove those screws then remove the LCD assembly: - +Remove those screws then remove the LCD assembly:\    -Once again, make sure you removed those: - +Once again, make sure you removed those:\  Remove the shielding containing the motherboard, then flip it over. @@ -131,18 +119,15 @@ Remove these screws, placing them on a steady surface in the same layout as they were in before you removed them. Also, you should mark each screw hole after removing the screw (a permanent marker pen will do), this is so that you have a point of reference when re-assembling the -system: - +system:\       Remove microphone (soldering iron not needed. Just wedge it out -gently): - - - - Rationale: +gently):\ +\ +**Rationale:**\ Another reason to remove the microphone: If your computer gets[\[1\]](#ref1) compromised, it can record what you say, and use it to receive data from nearby devices if they're compromised too. Also, @@ -151,120 +136,97 @@ could theoretically be programmed to accept remote commands from some speaker somewhere (remote security hole). **In other words, the system could already be compromised from the factory.** -Remove infrared: - +Remove infrared:\   Remove cardbus (it's in a socket, no need to disable. Just remove the -port itself): - - - - Rationale: +port itself):\ +\ +**Rationale:**\ It has direct memory access and can be used to extract sensitive details (such as LUKS keys). See 'GoodBIOS' video linked at the end (speaker is Peter Stuge, a coreboot hacker). The video covers X60 but the same topics apply to T60. -Before re-installing the upper chassis, remove the speaker: - -  - +Before re-installing the upper chassis, remove the speaker:\ + \ Reason: combined with the microphone issue, this could be used to leak -data. - +data.\ If your computer gets[\[1\]](#ref1) compromised, it can be used to transmit data to nearby compromised devices. It's unknown if it can be -turned into a microphone[\[2\]](#ref2). - +turned into a microphone[\[2\]](#ref2).\ Replacement: headphones/speakers (line-out) or external DAC (USB). -Remove the wwan: - - - +Remove the wwan:\ +\ **Wwan (3g modem):** They run proprietary software! It's like AMT but -over the GSM network which is probably even worse. - +over the GSM network which is probably even worse.\ Replacement: external USB wifi dongle. (or USB wwan/3g dongle; note, this has all the same privacy issues as mobile phones. wwan not recommended). This is where the simcard connector is soldered. See notes above about wwan. Remove simcard by removing battery and then it's accessible (so, -remember to do this when you re-assemble. or you could do it now?) - +remember to do this when you re-assemble. or you could do it now?)\  -Put those screws back: - +Put those screws back:\  -Put it back into lower chassis: - +Put it back into lower chassis:\  -Attach LCD and insert screws (also, attach the lcd cable to the board): - +Attach LCD and insert screws (also, attach the lcd cable to the board):\  -Insert those screws: - +Insert those screws:\  On the CPU (and there is another chip south-east to it, sorry forgot to take pic) clean off the old thermal paste (with the alcohol) and apply new (Artic Silver 5 is good, others are good too) you should also clean -the heatsink the same way - +the heatsink the same way\  Attach the heatsink and install the screws (also, make sure to install -the AC jack as highlighted): - +the AC jack as highlighted):\  -Reinstall that upper bezel: - +Reinstall that upper bezel:\  -Do that: - +Do that:\   -Attach keyboard and install nvram battery: - +Attach keyboard and install nvram battery:\   Place keyboard and (sorry, forgot to take pics) reinstall the palmrest -and insert screws on the underside: - +and insert screws on the underside:\  -Remove those covers and unscrew: - +Remove those covers and unscrew:\    Gently pry off the front bezel (sorry, forgot to take pics). -Remove bluetooth module: - +Remove bluetooth module:\   Re-attach the front bezel and re-insert the screws (sorry, forgot to take pics). -It lives! - +It lives!\    Always stress test ('stress -c 2' and xsensors. below 90C is ok) when -replacing cpu paste/heatsink: - +replacing cpu paste/heatsink:\  + + Not covered yet: ---------------- @@ -283,11 +245,12 @@ or directly to the video: A lot of this tutorial is based on that video. Look towards the second half of the video to see how to do the above. + + Also not covered yet: --------------------- -- Intrusion detection: randomized seal on screws - +- Intrusion detection: randomized seal on screws\ Just put nail polish with lot of glider on the important screws, take some good pictures. Keep the pictueres and make sure of their integrity. Compare the nail polish with the pictures before powering @@ -304,6 +267,8 @@ Also not covered yet: - <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempest_%28codename%29> - https://gitorious.org/gnutoo-for-coreboot/grub-assemble/source/a61f636797777a742f65f4c9c58032aa6a9b23c3: + + Extra notes =========== @@ -321,6 +286,7 @@ with the help of an SDR and some directional antennas[\[3\]](#ref3). controller](http://www.coreboot.org/Intel_82573_Ethernet_controller) on the X60 seems safe, according to Denis. + Risk level ---------- @@ -331,6 +297,9 @@ Risk level - Speakers: only problematic if the computer gets compromised. - EC: can be mitigated if following the guide on software security. + + + Further reading material (software security) ============================================ @@ -340,9 +309,12 @@ Further reading material (software security) /boot)](../gnulinux/encrypted_parabola.html) - [Notes about DMA access and the docking station](dock.html) + + References ========== + \[1\] physical access {#ref1} --------------------- @@ -355,6 +327,8 @@ to 400000\$, some other websites had prices 10 times lower but that but it was probably a typo. So if people increase their security it makes it more risky and more costly to attack people. + + \[2\] microphone {#ref2} ---------------- @@ -365,6 +339,8 @@ microphone jack can now become a headphone plug, that's called retasking. There is some support for it in GNU+Linux but it's not very well known. + + \[3\] Video (CCC) {#ref3} ----------------- @@ -373,8 +349,10 @@ their demo is experimental(their hardware also got damaged during the transport), the spies probably already have that since a long time. <http://berlin.ftp.media.ccc.de/congress/2013/webm/30c3-5356-en-Firmware_Fat_Camp_webm.webm> -Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org> + + +Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license or any later version published by Creative |