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diff --git a/i18n/fr_FR/docs/install/bbb_setup.md b/i18n/fr_FR/docs/install/bbb_setup.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..73b11d19 --- /dev/null +++ b/i18n/fr_FR/docs/install/bbb_setup.md @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +--- +title: Comment programmer une puce flash SPI avec le BeagleBone Black ou Teensy 3.1 +... + +Ce document existe en tant que guide pour lire ou écrire dans une puce +flash SPI avec le BeagleBone Black, utilisant le logiciel [flashrom] + +This document exists as a guide for reading from or writing to an SPI +flash chip with the BeagleBone Black, using the +[flashrom](http://flashrom.org/Flashrom) software. A BeagleBone Black, +rev. C was used when creating this guide, but earlier revisions may also +work. + +***NOTE: Use of BeagleBone black is for example purposes only, +don't buy it unless you want _it_ specifically.*** *There are many ARM +Single Board Computers (SBC) that are capable of in system programming +(external flashing) and they perform similarly terrible at that task. +Common use of devicetrees on those devices allows for configuring them +in similar way, but not identical, so a bit of own research is required. +Lastly SBC is an example of self-contained device that is capable of flashing, +but it's possible to use smaller device like stm32 bluepill +with another computer to achieve similar result.* + +*Note: This guide was written for Debian Stretch 9.5, which is the latest +operating system for the BeagleBone Black as of June 2019. It is possible that +these instructions may be outdated if newer operating systems versions +have been released since then.* + +There was no justification for a further section for the Teensy. Simply +refer to [this page on +flashrom.org](https://www.flashrom.org/Teensy_3.1_SPI_%2B_LPC/FWH_Flasher#ISP_Usage) +for information about how to set it up, and correlate that with the pins +on the SPI flash chip as per other guides in the libreboot documentation +for each board. At the time of writing, the teensy is tested for +flashing on the ThinkPad X200, but it should work for other targets. +here is a photo of the setup for the teensy: +<http://h5ai.swiftgeek.net/IMG_20160601_120855.jpg> + +Onto the Beaglebone black... + +Hardware requirements +===================== + +Shopping list (pictures of this hardware is shown later): + +- A [Flashrom](http://flashrom.org)-compatible external SPI + programmer: *BeagleBone Black*, sometimes referred to as 'BBB', + (rev. C) is highly recommended. You can buy one from + [Adafruit](https://www.adafruit.com) (USA), + [ElectroKit](http://electrokit.com) (Sweden) or any of the + distributors listed on [BeagleBoard's website](http://beagleboard.org/black) (look below + 'Purchase'). We recommend this product because we know that it + works well for our purposes and doesn't require any non-free + software. + +- Electrical/insulative tape: cover the entire bottom surface of the + BBB (the part that rests on a surface). This is important, when + placing the BBB on top of a board so that nothing shorts. Most + hardware/electronics stores have this. Optionally, you can use the + bottom half of a [hammond plastic + enclosure](http://www.hammondmfg.com/1593HAM.htm#BeagleBoneBlack). +- Clip for connecting to the flash chip: if you have a SOIC-16 flash + chip (16 pins), you will need the *Pomona 5252* or equivalent. For + SOIC-8 flash chips (8 pins), you will need the *Pomona 5250* or + equivalent. Do check which chip you have, before ordering a clip. + Also, you might as well buy two clips or more since they break + easily. [Farnell element 14](http://farnell.com/) sells these and + ships to many countries. Some people find these clips difficult to + get hold of, especially in South America. If you know of any good + suppliers, please contact the libreboot project with the relevant + information. *If you can't get hold of a pomona clip, some other + clips might work, e.g. 3M, but they are not always reliable. You can + also directly solder the wires to the chip, if that suits you; the + clip is just for convenience, really.* +- *External 3.3V DC power supply*, for powering the flash chip: an + ATX power supply / PSU (common on Intel/AMD desktop computers) will + work for this. A lab PSU (DC) will also work (adjusted to 3.3V). + - Getting a multimeter might be worthwhile, to verify that it's + supplying 3.3V. +- *External 5V DC power supply* (barrel connector), for powering the + BBB: the latter can have power supplied via USB, but a dedicated + power supply is recommended. These should be easy to find in most + places that sell electronics. OPTIONAL. Only needed if not + powering with the USB cable, or if you want to use [EHCI + debug](../misc/bbb_ehci.md). +- *Pin header / jumper cables* (2.54mm / 0.1" headers): you should + get male--male, male--female and female--female cables in 10cm + size. Just get a load of them. Other possible names for these + cables/wires/leads are as follows: + - flying leads + - breadboard cables (since they are often used on breadboards). + - You might also be able to make these cables yourself. + + [Adafruit](https://www.adafruit.com) sell them, as do many others. + *Some people find them difficult to buy. Please contact the + libreboot project if you know of any good sellers.* You might also + be able to make these cables yourself. For PSU connections, using + long cables, e.g. 20cm, is fine, and you can extend them longer than + that if needed. +- *Mini USB A-B cable* (the BeagleBone probably already comes with + one.) - *OPTIONAL - only needed for [EHCI + debug](../misc/bbb_ehci.md) or for serial/ssh access without + ethernet cable (g\_multi kernel module)* +- *FTDI TTL cable or debug board*: used for accessing the serial + console on the BBB. [This + page](http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:BeagleBone_Black_Serial) + contains a list. *OPTIONAL\---only needed for serial console on + the BBB, if not using SSH via ethernet cable.* + +Setting up the 3.3V DC PSU +========================== + +ATX PSU pinouts can be read on [this Wikipedia +page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_%28computer%29#Wiring_diagrams). + +You can use pin 1 or 2 (orange wire) on a 20-pin or 24-pin ATX PSU for +3.3V, and any of the ground/earth sources (black cables) for ground. +Short PS\_ON\# / Power on (green wire; pin 16 on 24-pin ATX PSU, or pin +14 on a 20-pin ATX PSU) to a ground (black; there is one right next to +it) using a wire/paperclip/jumper, then power on the PSU by grounding +PS\_ON\# (this is also how an ATX motherboard turns on a PSU). + +*DO NOT use pin 4, 6, do NOT use pin 19 or 20 (on a +20-pin ATX PSU), and DO NOT use pin 21, 22 or 23 (on a 24-pin +ATX PSU). Those wires (the red ones) are 5V, and they WILL kill +your flash chip. NEVER supply more than 3.3V to your flash +chip (that is, if it's a 3.3V flash chip; 5V and 1.8V SPI flash chips +do exist, but they are rare. Always check what voltage your chip takes. +Most of them take 3.3V).* + +You only need one 3.3V supply and one ground for the flash chip, after +grounding PS\_ON\#. + +The male end of a 0.1" or 2.54mm header cable is not thick enough to +remain permanently connected to the ATX PSU on its own. When connecting +header cables to the connector on the ATX PSU, use a female end attached +to a thicker piece of wire (you could use a paper clip), or wedge the +male end of the jumper cable into the sides of the hole in the +connector, instead of going through the centre. + +Here is an example set up:\ +![](images/x200/psu33.jpg "Copyright © 2015 Patrick "P. J." McDermott <pj@pehjota.net> see license notice at the end of this document") + +Accessing the operating system on the BBB +========================================= + +Follow the [Getting Started](https://beagleboard.org/getting-started) +instructions to install the latest version of Debian onto the BBB. +It is recommended to download the eMMC IoT Flasher edition, which will +write its image to the on-board eMMC. + +The operating system on the BBB can be accessed over SSH, with username +'debian' and password 'temppwd'. Follow the instructions on the Getting +Started page for complete details. + +You will also be using the OS on your BBB for programming an SPI flash +chip. + +Alternatives to SSH (in case SSH fails) +--------------------------------------- + +You can also use a serial FTDI debug board with GNU Screen, to access +the serial console. + # screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 + +Here are some example photos:\ + \ + +You can also connect the USB cable from the BBB to another computer and +a new network interface will appear, with its own IP address. This is +directly accessible from SSH, or screen: + + # screen /dev/ttyACM0 115200 + +You can also access the uboot console, using the serial method instead +of SSH. + +Setting up spidev on the BBB +============================ + +Log in to the BBB using either SSH or a serial console as +described in [\#bbb\_access](#bbb_access). + +*Note: The following commands are run as root. To run them from a normal user +account, add yourself to the `gpio` group to configure the pins and the `spi` +group to access spidev.* + +Run the following commands to enable spidev: + + # config-pin P9.17 spi_cs + # config-pin P9.18 spi + # config-pin P9.21 spi + # config-pin P9.22 spi_sclk + +Verify that the spidev devices now exist: + + # ls /dev/spidev* + +Output: + + /dev/spidev1.0 /dev/spidev1.1 /dev/spidev2.0 /dev/spidev2.1 + +Now the BBB is ready to be used for flashing. The following systemd service +file can optionally be enabled to make this persistent across reboots. + +``` +[Unit] +Description=Enable SPI function on pins + +[Service] +Type=oneshot +ExecStart=config-pin P9.17 spi_cs +ExecStart=config-pin P9.18 spi +ExecStart=config-pin P9.21 spi +ExecStart=config-pin P9.22 spi_sclk +RemainAfterExit=yes + +[Install] +WantedBy=multi-user.target +``` + +Get flashrom from the libreboot\_util release archive, or build it from +libreboot\_src/git if you need to. An ARM binary (statically compiled) +for flashrom exists in libreboot\_util releases. Put the flashrom binary +on your BBB. + +You may also need ich9gen, if you will be flashing an ICH9-M laptop +(such as the X200). Get it from libreboot\_util, or build it from +libreboot\_src, and put the ARM binary for it on your BBB. + +Finally, get the ROM image that you would like to flash and put that on +your BBB. + +Now test flashrom: + + # ./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 + +Output: + + Calibrating delay loop... OK. + No EEPROM/flash device found. + Note: flashrom can never write if the flash chip isn't found automatically. + +This means that it's working (the clip isn't connected to any flash +chip, so the error is fine). + +Connecting the Pomona 5250/5252 +=============================== + +Use this image for reference when connecting the pomona to the BBB: +<http://beagleboard.org/Support/bone101#headers> (D0 = MISO or connects +to MISO). + +The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), +for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252): + + NC - - 21 + 1 - - 17 + NC - - NC + NC - - NC + NC - - NC + NC - - NC + 18 - - 3.3V (PSU) + 22 - - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip + This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack. + + You may also need to connect pins 1 and 9 (tie to 3.3V supply). These are HOLD# and WP#. + On some systems they are held high, if the flash chip is attached to the board. + If you're flashing a chip that isn't connected to a board, you'll almost certainly + have to connect them. + + SOIC16 pinout (more info available online, or in the datasheet for your flash chip): + HOLD 1-16 SCK + VDD 2-15 MOSI + N/C 3-14 N/C + N/C 4-13 N/C + N/C 5-12 N/C + N/C 6-11 N/C + SS 7-10 GND + MISO 8-9 WP + +The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), +for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250): + + 18 - - 1 + 22 - - NC + NC - - 21 + 3.3V (PSU) - - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip + This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack. + + You may also need to connect pins 3 and 7 (tie to 3.3V supply). These are HOLD# and WP#. + On some systems they are held high, if the flash chip is attached to the board. + If you're flashing a chip that isn't connected to a board, you'll almost certainly + have to connect them. + + SOIC8 pinout (more info available online, or in the datasheet for your flash chip): + SS 1-8 VDD + MISO 2-7 HOLD + WP 3-6 SCK + GND 4-5 MOSI + +`NC = no connection` + +*DO NOT connect 3.3V (PSU) yet. ONLY connect this once the pomona is +connected to the flash chip.* + +*You also need to connect the BLACK wire (ground/earth) from the 3.3V +PSU to pin 2 on the BBB (P9 header). It is safe to install this now +(that is, before you connect the pomona to the flash chip); in fact, you +should.* + +if you need to extend the 3.3v psu leads, just use the same colour M-F +leads, *but* keep all other leads short and equal length (30cm or less). +Keep in mind that length isn't inversely proportional to signal quality, +so trying out different lengths will yield different results. +Same goes for spispeed. + +You should now have something that looks like this:\ +  + +Copyright © 2014, 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org>\ +Copyright © 2015 Patrick "P. J." McDermott <pj@pehjota.net>\ +Copyright © 2015 Albin Söderqvist\ + +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3 or any later +version published by the Free Software Foundation +with no Invariant Sections, no Front Cover Texts, and no Back Cover Texts. +A copy of this license is found in [../fdl-1.3.md](../fdl-1.3.md) |