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|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style type="text/css">
body {
background:#fff;
color:#000;
font-family:sans-serif;
font-size:1em;
}
p.lenovobios {
font-weight:bold; color:#f00; font-style:italic; font-size:1.2em;
}
p.lenovobios:hover {
color: #000;
}
div.important {
background-color:#ccc;
}
</style>
<title>Libreboot documentation: Main</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1 id="pagetop">Libreboot Documentation</h1>
<aside>This is for the release, as per <a href="release.html">release.html</a>.</aside>
<aside>The latest release (along with documentation) can be found at <a href="http://libreboot.org/">libreboot.org</a></aside>
</header>
<p>
It is assumed that you are running GNU/Linux. No other operating system is known to be compatible (with libreboot) for this release.
</p>
<p>
The information here is user documentation mainly. For development notes and TODO's, see <a href="release.html">release.html</a> and
<a href="future/index.html">future/index.html</a>
</p>
<h2>GNU/Linux distributions</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="howtos/grub_boot_installer.html">How to install a GNU/Linux distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/grub_cbfs.html">How to change your default GRUB menu</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Working with source code</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#build_meta">Building libreboot_src from libreboot_meta</a></li>
<li><a href="#build_bucts">How to build "bucts" (for LenovoBIOS X60/X60S/X60T/T60)</a></li>
<li><a href="#build_flashrom">How to build "flashrom"</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#config">Configuring libreboot</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#config_dmidecode">dmidecode</a></li>
<li><a href="#config_x60">ThinkPad X60</a></li>
<li><a href="#config_x60t">ThinkPad X60 Tablet</a></li>
<li><a href="#config_t60">ThinkPad T60</a></li>
<li><a href="#config_macbook21">MacBook2,1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#build">How to build your ROM's</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Hardware maintenance</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#supported_list">List of supported hardware</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported_x60_list">List of supported ThinkPad X60's</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported_x60t_list">List of supported ThinkPad X60 Tablets</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported_t60_list">List of supported ThinkPad T60's</a></li>
<li><a href="#t60_ati_intel">ThinkPad T60 (ATI GPU) and ThinkPad T60 (Intel GPU) differences.</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/t60_lcd_15.html">ThinkPad T60 15.1" changing LCD panel</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/x60_heatsink.html">ThinkPad X60/X60S: change the fan/heatsink</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/t60_heatsink.html">ThinkPad T60: change the fan/heatsink</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/x60_security.html">ThinkPad X60/X60S: security</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/t60_security.html">ThinkPad T60: security</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Macbook2,1</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#macbook21">Information about the Macbook2,1</a></li></li>
</ul>
<h2>Installing libreboot (software: using internal programmer)</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#rom">Recommended ROM's to flash</a></li>
<li><a href="#flashrom_lenovobios">X60/X60S/X60T/T60: How to flash your ROM (if running Lenovo BIOS firmware)</a></li>
<li><a href="#flashrom_macbook21">macbook21: How to flash your ROM (if running Apple EFI firmware)</a></li>
<li><a href="#flashrom">X60/X60S/X60T/T60/macbook21: How to flash your ROM (if running libreboot or coreboot already)</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Installing libreboot (hardware: using external programmer)</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="howtos/x60_unbrick.html">ThinkPad X60/X60S: How to unbrick</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/x60tablet_unbrick.html">ThinkPad X60 Tablet: How to unbrick</a></li>
<li><a href="howtos/t60_unbrick.html">ThinkPad T60: How to unbrick</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>GRUB2 payload</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#grub_font">Setting font in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_keyboard">GRUB keyboard layouts</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#keyboards">Pictures of keyboard layouts</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#keyboards_ukqwerty">QWERTY (United Kingdom)</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboards_usqwerty">QWERTY (United States)</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboards_ukdvorak">Dvorak (United Kingdom)</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboards_usdvorak">Dvorak (United States)</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboards_frazerty">Azerty (French)</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboards_itqwerty">QWERTY (Italian)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#grub_custom_keyboard">Custom keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_qwerty_keyboard">US Qwerty keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_ukqwerty_keyboard">UK Qwerty keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_dvorak_keyboard">US Dvorak keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_ukdvorak_keyboard">UK Dvorak keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_frazerty_keyboard">French AZERTY keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
<li><a href="#grub_itqwerty_keyboard">Italian QWERTY keyboard layout in GRUB</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Miscallaneous</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#tft_brightness">Brightness controls (ThinkPad X60) - how to prevent 'scrolling'</a></li>
<li><a href="#x60_wifi">ThinkPad X60: Enable or disable wifi</a></li>
<li><a href="#x60_trackpoint">ThinkPad X60: Enable or disable trackpoint</a></li>
<li><a href="#high_pitch_trisquel">High Pitched Whining Noise on Idle (how to remove in Trisquel)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#howtouse_powertop">Powertop - how to use</a></li>
<li><a href="#powertop_autostart">Powertop - Start automatically at boot time</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#high_pitch_parabola">High Pitched Whining Noise on Idle (how to remove in Parabola)</a></li>
<li><a href="#serial">X60/T60: Serial port - how to use (for dock owners)</a></li>
<li><a href="patch.html">Using diff and patch</a></li>
<li><a href="#get_edid_panelname">Get EDID: Find out the name (model) of your LCD panel</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<h1 id="why">What is libreboot, really?</h1>
<h2>
Project goals (and differences versus coreboot):
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Coreboot contains blobs (proprietary data/code) and libreboot does not (it intentionally removes them).
</li>
<li>
Coreboot is hacker-friendly and focusses on software developers, libreboot is user-focussed and attempts to
turn coreboot into a distribution, much in the same vein as a GNU/Linux distribution: for example, libreboot
distributes GRUB/memtest86+/bucts (and more) and comes with user-focussed documentation and build scripts; libreboot
is therefore made more 'user-friendly'.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Libreboot is <b>not</b> a fork of coreboot, despite misconceptions of this fact. Libreboot (downstream supplier) is a parallel effort
which works closely with and re-bases on the latest coreboot (upstream supplier) every so often.
</p>
<p>
<b>
As such, all new coreboot development should be done in coreboot, not libreboot!
Libreboot is about deblobbing, and packaging coreboot in a user-friendly way, where most work is already done for the user!
If, for example you wanted to attempt porting a new motherboard then you should do that in coreboot. Libreboot will (as a downstream)
receive your change at some point in the future, in a future release.
</b>
</p>
<h2>
A 'stable' coreboot:
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Coreboot uses the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_release">rolling release</a> model
(and it is therefore quite volatile; one day when you build coreboot, it may or may not work correctly on your machine).
</li>
<li>
Libreboot changes less often (as far as the release model is concerned), focussing instead of 'tested' releases for <i>specific machines</i>
(at any given time, it may be possible to build and use libreboot ROM's for systems other than those officially supported; if you manage to get another
board working in a given release (without violating the <i>'coreboot development goes in coreboot'</i> rule), other users might also benefit from your work).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
On the other hand, coreboot is also strict about what it accepts (merges) into the main git repository:
most of the time, a lot of changes are under review at review.coreboot.org (as a way of encouraging as much further development
as possible before accepting the patch).
</p>
<p>
Meanwhile, libreboot is a lot less strict in this area and freely merges specific patches that are desirable, sometimes before they are merged into coreboot's main repository.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="build_meta">How to build libreboot_src from libreboot_meta</h1>
<p>
If you downloaded libreboot_meta.tar.gz, then you can use the scripts included
which download all of the extra dependencies and (basically) generates libreboot_src.
</p>
<p>
You need to install the build dependencies first.
</p>
<p>
The following scripts installs them for apt-get distros.<br/>
Adapt what's in this script if you don't use an apt-get distro:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb</b>
</p>
<p>
After that, run the get script:<br/>
<b>$ ./getall</b>
</p>
<p>
What this did was download everything (grub, coreboot, memtest86+, bucts, flashrom)
at the versions last tested for this release, and patch them. Read the script
in a text editor to learn more.
</p>
<p>
After that, you will have the full source. Rename libreboot_meta to libreboot_src.
To build the ROM's, see <a href="#build">#build</a>.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="build_bucts">How to build "bucts" (for LenovoBIOS X60/X60S/X60T/T60)</h1>
<p>
<b>This is for Lenovo BIOS users on the ThinkPad X60/X60S, X60 Tablet and T60. If you have coreboot or libreboot running already, ignore this.</b>
</p>
<p>
Bucts is needed when flashing in software the X60/X60S/X60T/T60 ROM while Lenovo BIOS is running;
external flashing will be safe regardless.
Each ROM contains identical data inside the two final 64K region in the file.
This corresponds to the final two 64K regions in the flash chip. Lenovo BIOS will prevent you from writing the
final one, so running "<b>bucts 1</b>" will set the machine to boot from the other block instead (which
is writeable along with everything beneath it when using a patched flashrom. see <a href="#build_flashrom">#build_flashrom</a>).
After shutting down and booting up after the first flash,
the final 64K block is writeable so you flash the ROM again with an unpatched flashrom and run "<b>bucts 0</b>" to
make the machine boot from the normal (highest) block again.
</p>
<p>
BUC.TS utility is included in libreboot_src.tar.gz and libreboot_bin.tar.gz.<br/>
<b>If you downloaded libreboot_meta.tar.gz, follow <a href="#build_meta">#build_meta</a> before you proceed.</b>
</p>
<p>
"BUC" means "<b>B</b>ack<b>u</b>p <b>C</b>ontrol" (it's a register) and "TS" means "<b>T</b>op <b>S</b>wap"
(it's a status bit). Hence "bucts" (BUC.TS). TS 1 and TS 0 corresponds to bucts 1 and bucts 0.
</p>
<p>
You need to install GCC. The following will work on apt-get distros (adapt that script if your distro doesn't use apt-get):<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-bucts</b>
</p>
<p>
To build bucts, do that in the main directory:<br/>
<b>$ ./builddeps-bucts</b>
</p>
<p>
The "builddeps" script in libreboot_src and libreboot_meta also makes use of builddeps-bucts.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="build_flashrom">How to build "flashrom"</h1>
<p>
Flashrom is the utility for flashing/dumping ROM's. This is what you will use to install libreboot.
</p>
<p>
Flashrom source code is included in libreboot_src.tar.gz and libreboot_bin.tar.gz.<br/>
<b>If you downloaded libreboot_meta.tar.gz, follow <a href="#build_meta">#build_meta</a> before you proceed.</b>
</p>
<p>
You need the build dependencies for flashrom.
The following script works in apt-get distros (tested in Trisquel 6):<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-flashrom</b>
</p>
<p>
To build it, do that in the main directory:<br/>
<b>$ ./builddeps-flashrom</b>
</p>
<p>
After you've done that, under ./flashrom/ you will find the following executables:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>flashrom</b>
<ul>
<li>For flashing while coreboot or libreboot is running.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>flashrom_lenovobios_sst</b>
<ul>
<li>This is patched for flashing while Lenovo BIOS is running on an X60 or T60 with the SST25VF016B (SST) flash chip.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>flashrom_lenovobios_macronix</b>
<ul>
<li>This is patched for flashing while Lenovo BIOS is running on an X60 or T60 with the MX25L1605D (Macronix) flash chip.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The "builddeps" script in libreboot_src and libreboot_meta also makes use of builddeps-flashrom.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="config">Configuring libreboot</h1>
<p>
Before building a ROM in libreboot (or coreboot, for that matter), you need to configure it.
This is done using the following inside the source tree:<br/>
<b>$ make menuconfig</b>
</p>
<p>
If you've already built a kernel before, you know how to use this interface.
</p>
<p>
Configurations are saved then as files called <b>".config"</b>. Copies of each configuration used
for each machine type by the libreboot build scripts are stored in resources/libreboot/config/
</p>
<h2 id="config_dmidecode">
dmidecode
</h2>
<p>
There is certain information that can be useful to enter in particular:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Local version string</li>
<li>SMBIOS Serial Number</li>
<li>SMBIOS Manufacturer</li>
<li>SMBIOS Version</li>
<li>SMBIOS Product name</li>
</ul>
<p>
This information can be obtained using:<br/>
<b>$ sudo dmidecode</b><br/>
<b># dmidecode</b>
</p>
<p>
Specifically, it's good practise to enter the same information for libreboot that you found when running this
with the original BIOS or firmware. <b>libreboot has already done this for you. This information is for reference,
in the hope that it will be useful.</b>
</p>
<h2 id="config_x60">
ThinkPad X60 configuration (file: resources/libreboot/config/x60/config)
</h2>
<ul>
<li>General setup / Expert mode = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>General setup / Local version string = <i>7BETC7WW (2.08 )</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard vendor = <i>Lenovo</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard model = <i>ThinkPad X60 / X60s / X60t</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / ROM chip size = <i>2048 KB (2 MB)</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Serial Number = <i>L3BH242</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Version Number = <i>ThinkPad X60s</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Manufacturer = <i>LENOVO</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Product name = <i>1702L8G</i></li>
<li>Chipset / Include CPU microcode in CBFS = <i>Do not include microcode updates</i></li>
<li>Devices / Use native graphics initialization = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Generic Drivers / Digitizer = <i>Autodetect</i></li>
<li>Console / Send console output to a CBMEM buffer = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Payload / Add a payload = <i>An ELF executable payload</i></li>
<li>Payload / Payload path and filename = <i>grub.elf</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
Now go back into Devices:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Devices / Run VGA Option ROMs = <i>disable</i></li>
<li>Devices / Run Option ROMs on PCI devices = <i>disable</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
The resulting .config file was saved as resources/libreboot/config/<b>x60/config</b> and is used by the build
scripts for this machine.
</p>
<p>
This is based on an X60S with the Core 2 Duo L7400 processor.
</p>
<p>
SMBIOS Version Number is ThinkPad X60 on the X60, but it is believed that X60 and X60s both have identical
motherboards where the only difference is the CPU. This same configuration is used on the X60 and X60s.
</p>
<h2 id="config_x60t">
ThinkPad X60 Tablet configuration (file: resources/libreboot/config/x60t/config)
</h2>
<ul>
<li>General setup / Expert mode = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>General setup / Local version string = <i>7JET23WW (1.08 )</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard vendor = <i>Lenovo</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard model = <i>ThinkPad X60 / X60s / X60t</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / ROM chip size = <i>2048 KB (2 MB)</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Serial Number = <i>L3B8281</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Version Number = <i>ThinkPad X60 Tablet</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Manufacturer = <i>LENOVO</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Product name = <i>6364WJ1</i></li>
<li>Chipset / Include CPU microcode in CBFS = <i>Do not include microcode updates</i></li>
<li>Devices / Use native graphics initialization = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Generic Drivers / Digitizer = <i>Present</i></li>
<li>Console / Send console output to a CBMEM buffer = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Payload / Add a payload = <i>An ELF executable payload</i></li>
<li>Payload / Payload path and filename = <i>grub.elf</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
Now go back into Devices:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Devices / Run VGA Option ROMs = <i>disable</i></li>
<li>Devices / Run Option ROMs on PCI devices = <i>disable</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
The resulting .config file was saved as resources/libreboot/config/<b>x60t/config</b> and is used by the build
scripts for this machine.
</p>
<p>
This is based on an X60T with the Core 2 Duo L7400 processor.
</p>
<h2 id="config_t60">
ThinkPad T60 configuration (file: resources/libreboot/config/t60/config)
</h2>
<ul>
<li>General setup / Expert mode = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>General setup / Local version string = <i>79ETE7WW (2.27 )</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard vendor = <i>Lenovo</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard model = <i>ThinkPad T60 / T60p</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / ROM chip size = <i>2048 KB (2 MB)</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Serial Number = <i>L3DKE06</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Version Number = <i>ThinkPad T60</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Manufacturer = <i>LENOVO</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Product name = <i>1951FEG</i></li>
<li>Chipset / Include CPU microcode in CBFS = <i>Do not include microcode updates</i></li>
<li>Devices / Use native graphics initialization = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Console / Send console output to a CBMEM buffer = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Payload / Add a payload = <i>An ELF executable payload</i></li>
<li>Payload / Payload path and filename = <i>grub.elf</i></li>
</ul>
Go back into Devices:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Devices / Run VGA Option ROMs = <i>disable</i></li>
<li>Devices / Run Option ROMs on PCI devices = <i>disable</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
The resulting .config file was saved as resources/libreboot/config/<b>t60/config</b> and is used by the build
scripts for this machine.
</p>
<p>
It is believed that the motherboards on 14.1" and 15.1" T60's are the same, so the same configuration is used
on both the 14.1" and 15.1" T60's.
</p>
<h2 id="config_macbook21">
MacBook2,1 configuration (file: resources/libreboot/config/macbook21/config)
</h2>
<ul>
<li>General / Expert mode = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>General / Local version string = <i>" MB21.88Z.00A5.B07.0706270922"</i> (without the quotes)</li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard vendor = <i>Apple</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / Mainboard model = <i>Macbook2,1 ICH7 TESTING</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / ROM chip size = <i>2048 KB (2 MB)</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Serial Number = <i>W8724XXXXXX</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Version Number = <i>1.0</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Manufacturer = <i>Apple Inc.</i></li>
<li>Mainboard / SMBIOS Product Name = <i>MacBook2,1</i></li>
<li>Chipset / Include CPU microcode in CBFS = <i>Do not include microcode updates</i></li>
<li>Devices / Use native graphics initialization = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Console / Send console output to a CBMEM buffer = <i>enable</i></li>
<li>Payload / Add a payload = <i>An ELF executable payload</i></li>
<li>Payload / Payload path and filename = <i>grub.elf</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
Go back and disable option ROM's:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Devices / Run VGA Option ROMs = <i>disable</i></li>
<li>Devices / Run Option ROMs on PCI devices = <i>disable</i></li>
</ul>
<p>
The resulting .config file was saved as resources/libreboot/config/<b>macbook21/config</b> and is used by the build
scripts for this machine.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="build">How to build the ROM's!</h1>
<p>If you have anything special in a directory called libreboot_bin, just outside of libreboot_src,
then back it up first.</p>
<p>You don't need to do much: there are scripts already written for you that can build everything automatically.</p>
<p>Install <b>all</b> dependencies (works on apt-get distros, tested in Trisquel 6)<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb</b></p>
<p>If your distro uses a different package manager or package names, then you'll need to adapt what you see in
'builddeb' and install it yourself - maybe you could share the script for your distro!</p>
<p>Also, make sure that you have the sha512sum utility installed.</p>
<p>If running for the first time, run this:<br/>
<b>$ ./buildall</b> (also performs the "./build" step below)<br/>
Or if you only want to build dependencies (crossgcc, grub and so on):<br/>
<b>$ ./builddeps</b></p>
<p>If you've already run ./builddeps and/or ./buildall before, you don't need to run them again.
Just run that from now on to build your ROM's:<br/>
<b>$ ./build</b></p>
<p>To un-build (clean) the build dependencies that you built before, do that:<br/>
<b>$ ./cleandeps</b></p>
<p>Note: after running 'cleandeps', you will need to run 'builddeps' or 'buildall' again before you can use 'build'.</p>
<p>After 'build' or 'buildall' has finished, an ../libreboot_bin directory will exist outside of libreboot_src containing the ROM's and other files. In libreboot_src will also be
a directory called 'bin' which contains all of the ROM's that you compiled.</p>
<p>The script also generates a 'libreboot_meta' directory outside of libreboot_src, which contains everything in src except for grub, coreboot, memtest,
flashrom and bucts. There is a script called 'getall' from src included in meta, which downloads and patches everything needed to create src.</p>
<p>Reading all of those scripts will teach you how everything is built. It should also be simple to modify it to your needs.</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="supported_list">List of supported hardware</h1>
<p>
Libreboot supports the following machines in this release:
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#supported_x60_list">Lenovo ThinkPad X60/X60s</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported_x60t_list">Lenovo ThinkPad X60 Tablet</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported_t60_list">Lenovo ThinkPad T60</a></li>
<li><a href="#macbook21">Apple MacBook2,1</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
'Supported' means that the build scripts know how to build ROM's for these machines,
and that the machines have been tested (confirmed working). There may be exceptions;
in other words, this is a list of 'officially' supported machines.
</p>
<p>
It is possible to build ROM images (from source) for other machines aswell (and virtual machines, e.g. QEMU).
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="supported_x60_list">List of supported ThinkPad X60's</h1>
<p>
Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the proprietary VGA Option ROM
('<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS">Video BIOS</a>' or 'VBIOS'),
all known LCD panels are currently compatible:
</p>
<p>
To find what LCD panel you have, see: <a href="#get_edid_panelname">#get_edid_panelname</a>.
</p>
<ul>
<li>TMD-Toshiba LTD121ECHB: #</li>
<li>CMO N121X5-L06: #</li>
<li>Samsung LTN121XJ-L07: #</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HT121X01-101: #</li>
</ul>
<p>
You can remove an X61/X61s motherboard from the chassis and install an X60/X60s motherboard in it's place (for flashing libreboot). The chassis is mostly identical
and the motherboards are the same shape/size.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="supported_x60t_list">List of supported ThinkPad X60 Tablets</h1>
<p>
Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the proprietary VGA Option ROM
('<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS">Video BIOS</a>' or 'VBIOS').
</p>
<p>
To find what LCD panel you have, see: <a href="#get_edid_panelname">#get_edid_panelname</a>.
</p>
<p>
The following LCD panels are known to work:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>X60T XGA (1024x768):</b>
<ul>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV121X03-100: #</li>
<li>Samsung LTN121XP01</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>X60T SXGA+ (1400x1050):</b>
<ul>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV121P01-100: #</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV121P01-101: #</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Most X60T's only have digitizer (pen), but some have finger (touch) aswell as pen; finger/multitouch doesn't work, only digitizer (pen) does.
</p>
<p>
You can remove an X61/X61s motherboard from the chassis and install an X60/X60s motherboard in it's place (for flashing libreboot). The chassis is mostly identical
and the motherboards are the same shape/size. <b>It is unknown if the same applies between the X60 Tablet and the X61 Tablet</b>.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="supported_t60_list">Supported T60 list</h1>
<p>
Native gpu initialization ('native graphics') which replaces the proprietary VGA Option ROM
('<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS">Video BIOS</a>' or 'VBIOS').
</p>
<p>
To find what LCD panel you have, see: <a href="#get_edid_panelname">#get_edid_panelname</a>.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Some T60's have ATI GPU's, and all T60p's have ATI GPU's These are incompatible! See <a href="#t60_ati_intel">#t60_ati_intel</a> for how to remedy this.
</b>
</p>
<p>
Tested LCD panels: <b>working(compatible)</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>TMD-Toshiba LTD141EN9B (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>Samsung LTN141P4-L02 (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>LG-Philips LP150E05-A2K1 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>Samsung LTN150P4-L01 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board) (not a T60 screen afaik, but it works)</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV150UX1-100 (15.1" 1600x1200) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>IDtech IAQX10N (15.1" 2048x1536) (GRUB doesn't display at the moment, but GNU/Linux works) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
</ul>
<div class="important">
<p>
Tested LCD panels: <b>not working yet (incompatible; see <a href="future/index.html#lcd_i945_incompatibility">future/index.html#lcd_i945_incompatibility</a>)</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>Samsung LTN141XA-L01 (14.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>LG-Philips LP150X09 (15.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>LG-Philips LP150E06-A5K4 (15.1" 1400x1050) (also, not an official T60 screen)</li>
<li>Samsung LTN154X3-L0A (15.4" 1280x800)</li>
</ul>
<p>
<u><i>The following LCD panels are <b>UNTESTED</b>. If you have one of these panels
then please submit a report!</i></u>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>CMO(IDtech?) N141XC (14.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HT14X14 (14.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>TMD-Toshiba LTD141ECMB (14.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>Boe-Hydis HT14P12 (14.1" 1400x1050) (FRU P/N 41W1478 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>Samsung LTN150XG (15.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>CMO (IDtech?) 13N7068 (15.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>CMO (IDtech?) 13N7069 (15.1" 1024x768)</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV150P01-100 (15.1" 1400x1050) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>IDtech N150U3-L01 (15.1" 1600x1200) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>BOE-Hydis HV150UX1-102 (15.1" 1600x1200) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>IDtech IAQX10S (15.1" 2048x1536) (P/N 42T0078 FRU 42T0079 or P/N 41W1338 recommended for the inverter board)</li>
<li>Samsung LTN154P2-L05 (42X4641 42T0329) (15.4" 1680x1050)</li>
<li>LG-Philips LP154W02-TL10 (13N7020 42T0423) (15.4" 1680x1050)</li>
<li>LG-Philips LP154WU1-TLB1 (42T0361) (15.4" 1920x1200) <b>(for T61p but it might work in T60. Unknown!)</b></li>
<li>Samsung LTN154U2-L05 (42T0408 42T0574) (15.4" 1920x1200) <b>(for T61p but it might work in T60. Unknown!)</b></li>
</ul>
<p>
It is unknown whether the 1680x1050 (15.4") and 1920x1200 (15.4") panels use a different inverter board than the 1280x800 panels.
</p>
</div>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="t60_ati_intel">ThinkPad T60 (ATI GPU) and ThinkPad T60 (Intel GPU) differences.</h1>
<p>
If your T60 is a 14.1" or 15.1" model with an ATI GPU, it won't work with libreboot by default but
you can replace the motherboard with another T60 motherboard that has an Intel GPU, and then libreboot should work.
</p>
<p>
As far as I know, 14.1" (Intel GPU) and 15.1" (Intel GPU) T60 motherboards are the same, where
'spacers' are used on the 15.1" T60. In any case, it makes sense to find one that is guaranteed to fit in your chassis.
</p>
<p>
There is also a 15.4" T60 with Intel GPU.
</p>
<p>
Note: the T60<b>p</b> laptops all have ATI graphics.
The T60p laptops cannot be used with libreboot under any circumstances.
</p>
<p>
The following T60 motherboard shows an ATI GPU (<b>do not buy this</b>) (highlighted in red, or on the right next to the white CPU socket), which is unsupported by libreboot:<br/>
<img src="howtos/t60_mainboard/t60_ati_gpu.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
The following T60 motherboard shows an Intel GPU (<b>buy this!</b>) (highlighted in red or on the right next to the white CPU socket, you can see that the space for ATI GPU is empty):<br/>
<img src="howtos/t60_mainboard/t60_intel_gpu.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
The reason that the ATI GPU on T60 is unsupported is due to the VBIOS (Video BIOS) which is non-free.
The VBIOS for the Intel GPU on X60/T60 has been reverse engineered, and replaced with Free Software and
so will work in libreboot.
</p>
<p>
The 'Video BIOS' is what initializes graphics.
</p>
<p>
See: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_BIOS</a>.<br/>
In fact, lack of free VBIOS in general is a big problem in coreboot, and is one reason (among others) why many ports for coreboot are
unsuitable for libreboot's purpose.
</p>
<p>
Theoretically, the ThinkPad T60 with ATI GPU can work with libreboot and have ROM's compiled for it, however
in practise it would not be usable as a laptop because there would be no visual display at all. That being said,
such a configuration is acceptable for use in a 'headless' server setup (with serial and/or ssh console as the display).
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="macbook21">Information about the macbook2,1</h1>
<p>
There is an Apple laptop called the macbook2,1 from late 2006 or early 2007 that uses the same i945 chipset
as the ThinkPad X60 and ThinkPad T60. A developer ported coreboot to his macbook2,1, and now libreboot can run on it.
</p>
<p>
Mono Moosbart is the person who wrote the port for macbook2,1. Referenced below are copies (up to date at the time of writing, 20140630)
of the pages he wrote when porting coreboot to the macbook2,1. They are included here in case the main site goes down for
whatever reason, since they include a lot of useful information.
</p>
<p>
Backups created using wget:<br/>
<b>$ wget -m -p -E -k -K -np http://macbook.donderklumpen.de/</b><br/>
<b>$ wget -m -p -E -k -K -np http://macbook.donderklumpen.de/coreboot/</b><br/>
Use <b>-e robots=off</b> if using this trick for other sites and the site restricts using robots.txt
</p>
<p>
<b>Links to wget backups (and the backups themselves) of Mono's pages (see above) removed temporarily. Mono has given me permission to distribute them, but I need to ask
him to tell me what license these works fall under first. Otherwise, the above URL's should be fine. NOTE TO SELF: REMOVE THIS WHEN DONE</b>
</p>
<h2>
Installing GNU/Linux distributions (on Apple EFI firmware)
</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Parabola GNU/Linux installation on a macbook2,1 with Apple EFI firmware</a> (this is a copy of Mono's page, see above)</li>
</ul>
<p>
How to boot an ISO: burn it to a CD (like you would normally) and hold down the Alt/Control key while booting.
The bootloader will detect the GNU/Linux CD as 'Windows' (because Apple doesn't think GNU/Linux exists). Install it like you normally would.
When you boot up again, hold Alt/Control once more. The installation (on the HDD) will once again be seen as 'Windows'. (it's not actually Windows,
but Apple likes to think that Apple and Microsoft are all that exist.)
Now to install libreboot, follow <a href="#flashrom_macbook21">#flashrom_macbook21</a>.
</p>
<h2>
Information about coreboot
</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Coreboot on the macbook2,1</a> (this is a copy of Mono's page, see above)</li>
</ul>
<h2>
coreboot wiki page
</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Board:apple/macbook21">http://www.coreboot.org/Board:apple/macbook21</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>
Compatible models
</h2>
<p>
It is believed that all models are compatible, listed here:
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.everymac.com/ultimate-mac-lookup/?search_keywords=MacBook2,1">http://www.everymac.com/ultimate-mac-lookup/?search_keywords=MacBook2,1</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
Specifically (Order No. / Model No. / CPU):
</p>
<ul>
<li>MA699LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T5600 <b>(tested - working)</li>
<li>MA701LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 (untested)</li>
<li>MB061LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 (untested)</li>
<li>MA700LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2121) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7200 (untested)</li>
<li>MB063LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 (untested)</li>
<li>MB062LL/A / A1181 (EMC 2139) / Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 <b>(tested - working)</b></li>
</ul>
<p>
Also of interest: <a href="#config_macbook21">#config_macbook21</a>.
</p>
<p>
You need to replace OS X with GNU/Linux before flashing libreboot. (OSX won't run at all in libreboot).
</p>
<p>
There are some issues with this machine (compared to other computers that libreboot supports):
</p>
<p>
This is an apple laptop, so it comes with OS X: it has an Apple keyboard, which means that certain keys you expect are missing:
insert, del, home, end, pgup, pgdown. There is also one mouse button only. Battery life is poor compared to X60/T60. Cooling (ventilation)
is also poor. The speaker might aswell not be there, quality is really bad. Not only that, these machines are expensive and usually easier to find in North America, so if you live outside
of NA then you will most likely have to import it. It's the opinion of this libreboot developer that the MacBook2,1 is not a very good machine.
It also has other issues: for example, the Apple logo on the back is a hole, exposing the backlight, which means that it glows. You should cover it up.
</p>
<p>
<b>
The MacBook2,1 comes with a webcam, which does not work without proprietary software. Also, webcams are a security risk; cover it up! Or remove it.
</b>
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="rom">Recommended ROM's to flash</h1>
<p>Recommended ROM's to flash:</p>
<ul>
<li>
ThinkPad X60, X60s (<b>bin/x60/</b>)
<ul>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
ThinkPad X60 Tablet (<b>bin/x60t/</b>)
<ul>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
ThinkPad T60 (<b>bin/t60/</b>) (note, see <a href="#supported_t60_list">#supported_t60_list</a>)
<ul>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, no dock: <b>libreboot_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard, with dock: <b>libreboot_serial_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
MacBook2,1 (<b>bin/macbook21/</b>)
<ul>
<li>US Qwerty keyboard: <b>libreboot_usqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Qwerty keyboard: <b>libreboot_ukqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>US Dvorak keyboard: <b>libreboot_usdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>UK Dvorak keyboard: <b>libreboot_ukdvorak.rom</b></li>
<li>French Azerty keyboard: <b>libreboot_frazerty.rom</b></li>
<li>Italian Qwerty keyboard: <b>libreboot_itqwerty.rom</b></li>
<li>The MacBook2,1 uses the same chipset, i945, as the X60/X60s X60T and T60 but there is no dock or serial port available for this machine.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
This will give you your native keyboard layout inside GRUB. The preferences in your OS are not affected, it just makes using
the GRUB command line easier (if you ever need to do that).
<a href="#grub_keyboard">#grub_keyboard</a>shows you how this was done. If your native keyboard layout
differs, you can adapt those notes and hack the 'build' script for your needs.
</p>
<p>
For pictures of what these keyboard layouts look like (so you can compare with yours), see <a href="#keyboards">#keyboards</a>.
</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="flashrom_lenovobios">X60/X60S/X60T/T60: How to flash the ROM's onto your machine (if running Lenovo BIOS firmware).</h1>
<div class="important">
<p>
Hover over the next paragraph to make it black.
</p>
<p class="lenovobios">
Following this guide means simply flashing a libreboot ROM. This guide will not (directly) teach you how to make a backup (dump) of the original Lenovo BIOS
because to do so would be to explicitly endorse proprietary software. However, for the purposes of reverse engineering it can be useful
to have a backup. Each copy of the original Lenovo BIOS is tied to the specific machine that it came from; it will not run
on any other machine, even if it's the same type of machine as yours. What this means is that, effectively, you can back it up now (so that you can
re-flash it later if you want to run the original Lenovo BIOS again) or lose it forever. The X60/T60 installation
guide on the coreboot wiki will show you how to do this:
<a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Board:lenovo/x60/Installation">http://www.coreboot.org/Board:lenovo/x60/Installation</a>.<br/>
Do not make this decision lightly! This is your last and only chance.
</p>
<p>
Check the last two 64K regions in your ROM file (libreboot.rom in this example):<br/>
<b>$ dd if=libreboot.rom of=top64k.bin bs=1 skip=$[$(stat -c %s libreboot.rom) - 0x10000] count=64k</b><br/>
<b>$ dd if=libreboot.rom of=lower64k.bin bs=1 skip=$[$(stat -c %s libreboot.rom) - 0x20000] count=64k</b><br/>
<b>$ sha512sum lower64k.bin top64k.bin</b><br/>
Make *sure* that they match before you continue. The ROM's included pre-compiled in libreboot should already match.
If they don't match, then do this (based on those instructions from <a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Board:lenovo/x60/Installation">coreboot wiki</a>):<br/>
<b>$ dd if=top64k.bin of=libreboot.rom bs=1 seek=$[$(stat -c %s libreboot.rom) - 0x20000] count=64k conv=notrunc</b><br/>
After this, the ROM will be safe to flash. Explanation is provided in <a href="#build_bucts">#build_bucts</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p><b>This is for the ThinkPad X60 and T60 while running Lenovo BIOS. If you already have coreboot or libreboot running,
then go to <a href="#flashrom">#flashrom</a> instead!</b></p>
<p><b>If you are flashing a Lenovo ThinkPad T60, be sure to read <a href="#supported_t60_list">#supported_t60_list</a></b></p>
<p>
If you are using Trisquel 6 (32-bit) then the bucts/flashrom binaries are tested. If not (or if you want), recompile them:<br/>
<b>See: <a href="#build_flashrom">#build_flashrom</a></b><br/>
<b>See: <a href="#build_bucts">#build_bucts</a></b><br/>
In any case, you will want the dependencies to run them aswell:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-flashrom</b><br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-bucts</b><br/>
(^ works on Trisquel 6, maybe other apt-get distros. Adapt for all other distros.)
</p>
<p>"YOURBOARD/YOURROM" should be replaced with what is correct as per <a href="#rom">#rom</a>. Alternatively
you may be using your own custom ROM. Adapt.</p>
<p>
Run the script:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./lenovobios_firstflash bin/<a href="#rom">YOURBOARD/YOURROM</a>.</b>
</p>
<div class="important">
<p>
You should see within the output the following:<br/>
<b>"Updated BUC.TS=1 - 64kb address ranges at 0xFFFE0000 and 0xFFFF0000 are swapped"</b>.
</p>
<p>
You should also see within the output the following:<br/>
<b>"Flash chip is in an unknown state"</b>, <b>"FAILED"</b> and <b>"DO NOT SHUTDOWN OR REBOOT"</b><br/>
Seeing this means that the operation was a <b>resounding</b> success! <b>DON'T PANIC</b>.
</p>
<p>
See this link for more details:
<a href="http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.bios.flashrom/575">http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.bios.flashrom/575</a>.
</p>
<p>
If the above is what you see, then <b>SHUT DOWN</b>. Wait a few seconds, and then boot; libreboot is running, but there is a 2nd procedure <b>*needed*</b> (see below).
</p>
</div>
<p>
<b>
If you boot and you see nothing, try turning up the backlight (Fn+Home).
If this is a ThinkPad X60 and backlight resets to zero when turning it up while at max, look at <a href="#tft_brightness">#tft_brightness</a>.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
After the 2nd flash, if this is a ThinkPad X60 then you can look at <a href="#x60_wifi">#x60_wifi</a> for how to enable/disable wifi.
You can also look at <a href="#x60_trackpoint">#x60_trackpoint</a> for how to enable/disable the trackpoint (red mouse on keyboard).
You might want to do the 2nd flash first (see below) before doing that.
</b>
</p>
<p>
When you have booted up again:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./lenovobios_secondflash bin/<a href="#rom">YOURBOARD/YOURROM</a></b>
</p>
<div class="important">
<p>
You should see within the output the following:<br/>
<b>"Updated BUC.TS=0 - 128kb address range 0xFFFE0000-0xFFFFFFFF is untranslated"</b>
</p>
<p>
You should also see within the output the following:<br/>
<b>"Verifying flash... VERIFIED."</b>
</p>
<p>Shut down again, wait a few seconds, and then boot.</p>
</div>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="flashrom_macbook21">macbook21: How to flash your ROM (if running Apple EFI firmware)</h1>
<div class="important">
<p>
Hover over the next paragraph to make it black.
</p>
<p class="lenovobios">
Following this guide means simply flashing a libreboot ROM. This guide will not (directly) teach you how to make a backup (dump) of the original Apple EFI firmware
because to do so would be to explicitly endorse proprietary software. However, for the purposes of reverse engineering it can be useful
to have a backup. Each copy of the original Apple EFI is (believed, but unproven to be) tied to the specific machine that it came from; it will not (as is believed) run
on any other machine, even if it's the same type of machine as yours. What this means is that, effectively, you can back it up now (so that you can
re-flash it later if you want to run the original Apple EFI firmware again) or lose it forever. The macbook21 installation
guide on the coreboot wiki will show you how to do this:
<a href="http://www.coreboot.org/Board:apple/macbook21">http://www.coreboot.org/Board:apple/macbook21</a>.<br/>
Do not make this decision lightly! This is (very likely) your last and only chance.
</p>
<p>
(this theory is untested at the time of writing)
</p>
</div>
<p>
<b>
This is for the MacBook2,1 while running Apple EFI firmware. If you already have
coreboot or libreboot running, then go to <a href="#flashrom">#flashrom</a> instead!
</b>
</p>
<p>
Be sure to read the information in <a href="#macbook21">#macbook21</a>.
</p>
<p>
If you need to recompile flashrom:<br/>
<b>See: <a href="#build_flashrom">#build_flashrom</a></b>
</p>
<p>
You also need the run-time dependencies. This script works on apt-get distros:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-flashrom</b>
</p>
<p>
Look at <a href="#rom">#rom</a> to see which ROM is suitable for your machine. Alternatively you may be using your own
custom ROM. Adapt.
</p>
<p>
Flashing is actually easy (compared to X60/T60).<br/>
<b>$ sudo flashrom -p internal:laptop=force_I_want_a_brick -w bin/<a href="#rom">YOURBOARD/YOURROM</a></b>
</p>
<p>
Alternatively, a script is provided which does the same thing:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./macbook21_firstflash bin/<a href="#rom">YOURBOARD/YOURROM</a></b>
</p>
<div class="important">
<p>
You should also see within the output the following:<br/>
<b>"Verifying flash... VERIFIED."</b>
</p>
<p>
If you see that, great! Shut down now (power off). Wait a few seconds and then boot!
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you boot and you see nothing, try turning up the backlight (F2 for macbook21).
</b>
</p>
</div>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="flashrom">X60/X60S/X60T/T60/macbook21: How to flash the ROM's onto your machine (if running libreboot or coreboot already)</h1>
<p>
<b>
These instructions work for the Lenovo ThinkPad X60/X60S/X60T/T60 and Apple MacBook2,1.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
This assumes that you already have coreboot or libreboot running.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you have Lenovo BIOS running (X60/X60S/X60T/T60), go to <a href="#flashrom_lenovobios">#flashrom_lenovobios</a> instead.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you have Apple EFI firmware running (macbook21), go to <a href="#flashrom_macbook21">#flashrom_macbook21</a> instead.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you are flashing a Lenovo ThinkPad T60, be sure to read <a href="#supported_t60_list">#supported_t60_list</a>.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you are flashing an Apple MacBook2,1, be sure to read the information in <a href="#macbook21">#macbook21</a>.
</b>
</p>
<p>
If you need to recompile flashrom:<br/>
<b>See: <a href="#build_flashrom">#build_flashrom</a></b>
</p>
<p>
You also need the run-time dependencies. This script works on apt-get distros:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./builddeb-flashrom</b>
</p>
<p>
Look at <a href="#rom">#rom</a> to see which ROM is suitable for your machine. Alternative you may be using your own
custom ROM. Adapt.
</p>
<p>
Flash the ROM:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./flash bin/<a href="#rom">YOURBOARD/YOURROM</a></b>
</p>
<div class="important">
<p>
You should see <b>"Verifying flash... VERIFIED."</b> written at the end of the flashrom output. <b>SHUT DOWN</b>
after you see this, and then boot up again after a few seconds.
</p>
<p>
<b>
If you boot and you see nothing, try turning up the backlight (Fn+Home for X60/X60S/X60T/T60, F2 for macbook21).
If this is a ThinkPad X60 and backlight resets to zero when turning it up while at max, look at <a href="#tft_brightness">#tft_brightness</a>.
</b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
If this is a ThinkPad X60 then you can look at <a href="#x60_wifi">#x60_wifi</a> for how to enable/disable wifi.
You can also look at <a href="#x60_trackpoint">#x60_trackpoint</a> for how to enable/disable the trackpoint (red mouse on keyboard).
</b>
</p>
</div>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="grub_font">Setting font in GRUB (for reference)</h1>
<p>You don't need to do this unless you would like to change the default font yourself.
(this is just for reference. It has already been done for you)</p>
<p>The old font used was Unifont, and this had some missing characters: for instance, the border showed ??? characters instead of lines.</p>
<p>I tried DeJavu Sans Mono from this website:
<a href="http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/Download">dejavu-fonts.org</a></p>
<p>Specifically, the version that I chose was the latest at the time of writing (Saturday 21 June 2014):
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/dejavu/files/dejavu/2.34/dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.34.tar.bz2">this one</a></p>
<p>This is a free font that is also contained in GNU/Linux distributions like Trisquel or Parabola.</p>
<p><b>$ cd libreboot_src/grub</b><br/>
compile grub ('build' script has the info on how to do this)<br/>
come back out into libreboot_src/resources/grub:<br/>
<b>$ cd ../libreboot_src/resources/grub/font</b></p>
<p>I took Dejavu Sans Mono from dejavu (included in this version of libreboot) and did:<br/>
<b>$ ../../../grub/grub-mkfont -o dejavusansmono.pf2 ../../../dejavu-fonts-ttf-2.34/ttf/DejaVuSansMono.ttf</b></p>
<p>I then added the instructions to 'build' script to include resources/grub/dejavusansmono.pf2 in all of the ROM's in root of cbfs.<br/>
I then added that instructions to the grub.cfg files (to load the font):<br/>
<b>loadfont (cbfsdisk)/dejavusansmono.pf2</b></p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="grub_keyboard">GRUB keyboard layouts (for reference)</h1>
<h2 id="keyboards">Pictures of keyboard layouts</h2>
<p>
Taken from WikiPedia.
See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard</a>,
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY</a>
and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_ukqwerty">QWERTY (United Kingdom)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KB_United_Kingdom.svg/900px-KB_United_Kingdom.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KB_United_Kingdom.svg/900px-KB_United_Kingdom.svg.png</a>
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_usqwerty">QWERTY (United States)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KB_United_States-NoAltGr.svg/900px-KB_United_States-NoAltGr.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/KB_United_States-NoAltGr.svg/900px-KB_United_States-NoAltGr.svg.png</a>
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_ukdvorak">Dvorak (United Kingdom)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/KB_United_Kingdom_Dvorak.svg/900px-KB_United_Kingdom_Dvorak.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/KB_United_Kingdom_Dvorak.svg/900px-KB_United_Kingdom_Dvorak.svg.png</a>
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_usdvorak">Dvorak (United States)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg/800px-KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg/800px-KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg.png</a>
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_frazerty">AZERTY (French)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/800px-KB_France.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/800px-KB_France.svg.png</a>
</p>
<h3 id="keyboards_itqwerty">QWERTY (Italian)</h3>
<p>
<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italian_Keyboard_layout.svg/799px-Italian_Keyboard_layout.svg.png">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italian_Keyboard_layout.svg/799px-Italian_Keyboard_layout.svg.png</a>
</p>
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<h2 id="grub_custom_keyboard">Custom keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>
Keymaps are stored in resources/grub/keymap/original (original files) and resources/grub/keymap (.gkb files).
</p>
<p>
Example (French Azerty):<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp fr > frazerty</b><br/><br/>
Go in grub directory:<br/>
<b>cat frazerty | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o frazerty.gkb</b>
</p>
<p>
You must make sure that the files are named keymap and keymap.gkb (where 'keymap' can be whatever you want).
</p>
<p>
Then from the above example, you would put <b>frazerty</b> in <b>resources/grub/keymap/original/</b> and
the <b>frazerty.gkb</b> file goes under <b>resources/grub/keymap/</b>
</p>
<p>
The scripts <b>build</b> and <b>buildrom-withgrub</b> will automatically see this, and automatically build
ROM's with your custom layout (given the name) and include them under bin. Example: <b>libreboot_frazerty.rom</b>.
</p>
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<h2 id="grub_qwerty_keyboard">US Qwerty keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>Generate the layout file:<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp us > usqwerty</b><br/>
<b>$ cat usqwerty | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o usqwerty.gkb</b></p>
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<h2 id="grub_ukqwerty_keyboard">UK Qwerty keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>Generate the layout file:<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp gb > ukqwerty</b><br/>
<b>$ cat ukqwerty | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o ukqwerty.gkb</b></p>
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<h2 id="grub_dvorak_keyboard">US Dvorak keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>Generate the layout file:<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp dvorak > usdvorak</b><br/>
<b>$ cat usdvorak | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o usdvorak.gkb</b></p>
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<h2 id="grub_ukdvorak_keyboard">UK Dvorak keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>
ukdvorak had to be created manually, based on usdvorak. diff them (under resources/grub/keymap/original)
to see how ukdvorak file was created
</p>
<b>$ cat ukdvorak | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o ukdvorak.gkb</b></p>
<h2 id="grub_frazerty_keyboard">French AZERTY keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>Generate the layout file:<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp fr > frazerty</b><br/>
<b>$ cat frazerty | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o frazerty.gkb</b></p>
<h2 id="grub_itqwerty_keyboard">Italian QWERTY keyboard layout in GRUB (for reference)</h2>
<p>Generate the layout file:<br/>
<b>$ ckbcomp it > itqwerty</b><br/>
<b>$ cat itqwerty | ./grub/grub-mklayout -o itqwerty.gkb</b></p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="tft_brightness">Brightness controls (ThinkPad X60) - how to prevent 'scrolling'</h1>
<p>
Sometimes, on some setups, when turning up the brightness while at max, it will loop back to minimum.
Also, the minimum will turn the backlight off completely.
</p>
<p>
Install build dependencies (for Trisquel 6. Adapt if your distro is different):<br/>
<b>$ sudo apt-get install build-essential</b>
</p>
<p>
Go into the libreboot_src directory. Under coreboot/util/nvramtool/ do that to compile it:<br/>
<b>$ make</b><br/>
(nvramtool is also in libreboot_bin/nvramtool)
</p>
<p>
Now do that:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -w tft_brightness=0xff</b><br/>
Alternatively if there are errors, try:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../../src/mainboard/lenovo/x60/cmos.layout -w tft_brightness=0xff</b><br/>
If you are using libreboot_bin, do that:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ../x60cmos.layout -w tft_brightness=0xff</b><br/>
</p>
<p>
The next time you boot, the looping issue should be gone.
</p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="x60_wifi">ThinkPad X60: Enable or disable wifi</h1>
<p>
Install build dependencies in Trisquel 6 (adapt for other distro):<br/>
<b>$ sudo apt-get install build-essential</b><br/>
nvramtool is in coreboot or libreboot source tree until util/:<br/>
<b>$ cd libreboot_src/coreboot/util/nvramtool</b><br/>
(nvramtool is also in libreboot_bin/nvramtool)<br/>
<b>$ make</b><br/>
Enable wifi:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -w wlan=Enable</b><br/>
Disable wifi:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -w wlan=Disable</b><br/>
If that doesn't work, try one of these instead:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../../src/mainboard/lenovo/x60/cmos.layout -w wlan=Enable</b><br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../../src/mainboard/lenovo/x60/cmos.layout -w wlan=Disable</b><br/>
If you are using libreboot_bin, do that instead:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../x60cmos.layout -w wlan=Enable</b><br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../x60cmos.layout -w wlan=Disable</b>
</p>
<p>The next time you boot, wifi will be enabled.</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="x60_trackpoint">ThinkPad X60: Enable or disable trackpoint</h1>
<p>
Install build dependencies in Trisquel 6 (adapt for other distro):<br/>
<b>$ sudo apt-get install build-essential</b><br/>
nvramtool is in coreboot or libreboot source tree until util/:<br/>
<b>$ cd libreboot_src/coreboot/util/nvramtool</b><br/>
(nvramtool is also in libreboot_bin/nvramtool)<br/>
<b>$ make</b><br/>
Enable wifi:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -w trackpoint=Enable</b><br/>
Disable wifi:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -w trackpoint=Disable</b><br/>
If that doesn't work, try one of these instead:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../../src/mainboard/lenovo/x60/cmos.layout -w trackpoint=Enable</b><br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../../src/mainboard/lenovo/x60/cmos.layout -w trackpoint=Disable</b><br/>
If you are using libreboot_bin, do that instead:<br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../x60cmos.layout -w wlan=Enable</b><br/>
<b>$ sudo ./nvramtool -y ../x60cmos.layout -w wlan=Disable</b>
</p>
<p>The next time you boot, trackpoint will be enabled.</p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="high_pitch_trisquel">High Pitched Whining Noise on Idle (how to remove in Trisquel)</h1>
<h2 id="howtouse_powertop">Powertop - how to use</h2>
<p>Now you can use this command to kill that noise:<br/>
<b>$ sudo powertop --auto-tune</b></p>
<p>You can also run it without parameters and then go into 'Tunables' and set everything to 'Good'</p>
<p>Note: On Trisquel 6, you will need to use a later powertop version from git. The one in the repositories is too old. See below:</p>
<h2 id="powertop_autostart">Powertop - Start automatically at boot time (Trisquel 6)</h2>
<p>Included with libreboot is a script called 'powertop.trisquel6'. Run this and it will setup powertop to run with --auto-tune
at boot time. Load the file in your text editor to see how it does that.</p>
<p><b>$ ./powertop.trisquel6</b></p>
<p>This has been tested on Trisquel 6.</p>
<p><a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page</a></p>
<hr/>
<h1 id="high_pitch_parabola">High Pitched Whining Noise on Idle (how to remove in Parabola)</h1>
<p>The following removes most of the noise. It reduces what is a high frequency whine
(that not everyone can hear) to a slight buzz (which most people can't hear or doesn't bother most people).</p>
<p>This is not perfect! The full solution is still not discovered but this is a step towards that.
Also, in some instances you will need to run 'sudo powertop --auto-tune' again.
This needs to be implemented properly in coreboot itself!</p>
<p>On the X60 with coreboot or libreboot, there is a high pitched sound when idle.
So far we have use processor.max_cstate=2 or idle=halt in GRUB.
These consume power. Stop using them! </p>
<p>Be root<br/>
<b>$ su -</b></p>
<p>Installed powertop:<br/>
<b># pacman -S powertop</b></p>
<p>and added the following to /etc/systemd/system/powertop.service :</p>
<pre><i>
[Unit]
Description=Powertop tunings
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=no
ExecStart=/usr/bin/powertop --auto-tune
# "powertop --auto-tune" still needs a terminal for some reason. Possibly a bug?
Environment="TERM=xterm"
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</i></pre>
<p>Finally, as root do that:<br/>
<b># systemctl enable powertop</b><br/>
<b># systemctl start powertop</b></p>
<p>The next time you boot the machine, the buzz will be gone.</p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="serial">X60/T60: Serial port - how to use (for dock owners)</h1>
<p>
For the Thinkpad X60 you can use the <b>"UltraBase X6"</b> dock (for the X60 Tablet it is called
X6 Tablet UltraBase). For the ThinkPad T60,
you can use the <b>"Advanced Mini Dock"</b>.
</p>
<p>
If you are using one of the ROM's with 'serial' in the name, then you have serial port enabled in libreboot
and you have memtest86+ included inside the ROM. Connect your null modem cable to the serial port on the dock
and connect the other end to a 2nd machine using your USB Serial adapter.
</p>
<p>
On the 2nd machine, you can try this (using GNU Screen):<br/>
<b>$ sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200</b>
</p>
<p>
How to quit GNU Screen: Ctrl+A then release and press K, and then press Y.
</p>
<p>There are also others like Minicom but I like GNU Screen</p>
<p>
By doing this before booting the X60/T60, you will see console output from libreboot. You will also see
GRUB displaying on the serial output, and you will be able to see MemTest86+ on the serial output aswell.
You can also configure your distro so that a terminal (TTY) is accessible from the serial console.
</p>
<p>
The following guide is for Ubuntu, and can be followed for Trisquel 6.0 which is based on Ubuntu 12.04
(should also work in Trisquel 7, based on Ubuntu 14.04) to enable a serial console using GeTTY:<br/>
<a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SerialConsoleHowto" target="_blank">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SerialConsoleHowto</a>
</p>
<p>
Note: part of the tutorial above requires changing your grub.cfg. Just change the <b>linux</b> line to add instructions for enabling getty.
See <a href="howtos/grub_cbfs.html">howtos/grub_cbfs.html</a>.
</p>
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<hr/>
<h1 id="get_edid_panelname">Get EDID: Find out the name (model) of your LCD panel</h1>
<p>
Get the panel name with <b>sudo get-edit | strings</b><br/>
Or look in <b>/sys/class/drm/card0-LVDS-1/edid</b>
</p>
<p>
If neither of these options work (or they are unavailable), physically removing the LCD panel is an option.
Usually, there will be information printed on the back.
</p>
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<hr/>
<pre>
Unlisted note: http://inertiawar.com/microcode/
Read that thread: http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2014-July/078261.html
(link published to coreboot mailing list on July 8, 2014)
Document everything listed in this discussion (and the link)
SeaVGABIOS+SeaBIOS support for X60/T60 (VBT is missing, see docs/future/index.html):
Read that: http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/2014-July/078342.html
This page talks about 'calibration' in powertop:
https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Power_Management_Guide/PowerTOP.html
I should think about adapting information here based on that page.
Look into 'git archive' instead of deleting .git
eg (coreboot directory):
git archive --format=tar --prefix=libreboot/ -o ../libreboot_release.tar HEAD
Very useful(!!):
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Stashing
</pre>
<hr/>
<p>
Copyright © 2014 Francis Rowe, All Rights Reserved.<br/>
See <a href="license.html">license.html</a> for license conditions.
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