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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style type="text/css">
@import url('../css/main.css');
</style>
<title>ThinkPad T500: flashing tutorial (BeagleBone Black)</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="pagetop">Flashing the T500 with a BeagleBone Black</h1>
<p>Initial flashing instructions for T500.</p>
<p>
This guide is for those who want libreboot on their ThinkPad T500
while they still have the original Lenovo BIOS present. This guide
can also be followed (adapted) if you brick your T500, to know how
to recover.
</p>
<p><a href="./">Back to main index</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="t400">Libreboot T400</h1>
<p>
You may also be interested in the smaller, more portable <a href="t400_external.html">Libreboot T400</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2 id="serial_port">Serial port</h2>
<p>
EHCI debug might not be needed. It has been reported that the docking station
for this laptop has a serial port, so it might be possible to use that instead.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cpu_compatibility">
<h1>A note about CPUs</h1>
<p>
<a href="http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:T500">ThinkWiki</a> has a list of CPUs
for this system. The Core 2 Duo P8400, P8600 and P8700 are believed to work in libreboot.
The T9600 was also tested on the T400 and confirmed working, so the T9400/T9500/T9550 probably
also work, but they are untested.
</p>
<h2>Quad-core CPUs</h2>
<p>
Incompatible. Do not use.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="switchable_graphics">
<h1>A note about GPUs</h1>
<p>
Some models have an Intel GPU, while others have both an ATI and an Intel GPU; this
is referred to as "switchable graphics". In the <i>BIOS setup</i> program
for lenovobios, you can specify that the system will use one or the other (but not both).
</p>
<p>
Libreboot is known to work on systems with only the Intel GPU, using native graphics initialization.
On systems with switchable graphics, the Intel GPU is used and the ATI GPU is disabled, so
native graphics initialization works all the same.
</p>
<h1>CPU paste required</h1>
<p>
See <a href="#paste">#paste</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="flashchips">Flash chip size</h1>
<p>
Use this to find out:<br/>
# <b>flashrom -p internal -V</b>
</p>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1 id="macaddress">MAC address</h1>
<p>
On the T500, the MAC address for the onboard
gigabit ethernet chipset is stored inside the flash chip,
along with other configuration data.
</p>
<p>
Keep a note of the MAC address before disassembly; this is
very important, because you will need to insert this into
the libreboot ROM image before flashing it.
It will be written in one of these locations:
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t400/macaddress0.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/macaddress1.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0001.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1>Initial BBB configuration</h1>
<p>
Refer to <a href="bbb_setup.html">bbb_setup.html</a> for how to
configure the BBB for flashing.
</p>
<p>
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-16 (clip: Pomona 5252):
</p>
<pre>
POMONA 5252 (correlate with the BBB guide)
=== ethernet jack and VGA port ====
NC - - 21
1 - - 17
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
NC - - NC
18 - - 3.3V (PSU)
22 - - NC - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
=== SATA port ===
<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i><br/>
<img src="images/t400/0065.jpg" alt="" />
</pre>
<p>
The following shows how to connect clip to the BBB (on the P9 header), for SOIC-8 (clip: Pomona 5250):
</p>
<pre>
POMONA 5250 (correlate with the BBB guide)
=== RAM slots ====
18 - - 1
22 - - NC
NC - - 21
3.3V (PSU) - - 17 - this is pin 1 on the flash chip
=== slot where the AC jack is connected ===<br/>
<i>This is how you will connect. Numbers refer to pin numbers on the BBB, on the plugs near the DC jack.</i><br/>
<img src="images/t500/0060.jpg" alt="" />
</pre>
<h2>
The procedure
</h2>
<p>
Remove all screws:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0000.jpg" alt="" /><br/>
It is also advisable to, throughout the disassembly,
place any screws and/or components that you removed in
the same layout or arrangement. The follow photos demonstrate
this:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0001.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0002.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the HDD/SSD and optical drive:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0003.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0004.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the palm rest:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0005.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0006.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the keyboard and rear bezel:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0007.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0008.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0009.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0010.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0011.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0012.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
If you have a WWAN/3G card and/or sim card reader,
remove them permanently. The WWAN-3G card has proprietary firmware inside; the technology is identical
to what is used in mobile phones, so it can also track
your movements:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0013.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0017.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0018.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this frame, and then remove the wifi chip:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0014.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0015.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0016.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the speakers:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0019.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0020.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0021.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0022.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0023.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0024.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0025.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the NVRAM battery (already removed in this photo):<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0026.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
When you re-assemble, you will be replacing the wifi chip
with another. These two screws don't hold anything together,
but they are included in your system because the screw
holes for half-height cards are a different size, so
use these if you will be installing a half-height card:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0027.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Unroute the antenna wires:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0028.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0029.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0030.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0031.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Disconnect the LCD cable from the motherboard:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0032.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0033.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the LCD assembly hinge screws, and then remove the LCD
assembly:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0034.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0035.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0036.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the fan and heatsink:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0037.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0038.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0039.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove this screw:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0040.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove these cables, keeping note of how and in what
arrangement they are connected:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0041.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0042.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0043.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0044.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0045.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0046.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0047.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0048.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0049.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Disconnect the power jack:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0050.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0051.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove the motherboard and cage from the base
(the marked hole is where those cables were routed through):<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0052.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0053.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Remove all screws, arranging them in the same layout
when placing the screws on a surface and marking each screw
hole (this is to reduce the possibility of putting them
back in the wrong holes):<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0054.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0055.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Also remove this:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0056.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0057.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Separate the motherboard from the cage:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0058.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t500/0059.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
The flash chip is next to the memory slots. On this
system, it was a SOIC-8 (4MiB or 32Mb) flash chip:<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0060.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Connect your programmer, then connect GND and 3.3V<br/>
<img src="images/t500/0061.jpg" alt="" /><br/>
<img src="images/t400/0067.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0069.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0070.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/0071.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
A dedicated 3.3V PSU was used to create this guide, but
at ATX PSU is also fine:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/0072.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Of course, make sure to turn on your PSU:<br/>
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0013.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Now, you should be ready to install libreboot.
</p>
<p>
Flashrom binaries for ARM (tested on a BBB) are distributed in libreboot_util. Alternatively,
libreboot also distributes flashrom source code which can be built.
</p>
<p>
Log in as root on your BBB, using the instructions in <a href="bbb_setup.html#bbb_access">bbb_setup.html#bbb_access</a>.
</p>
<p>
Test that flashrom works:<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512</b><br/>
In this case, the output was:
</p>
<pre>
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
Calibrating delay loop... OK.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Multiple flash chip definitions match the detected chip(s): "MX25L6405(D)", "MX25L6406E/MX25L6436E", "MX25L6445E/MX25L6473E"
Please specify which chip definition to use with the -c <chipname> option.
</pre>
<p>
How to backup factory.rom (change the -c option as neeed, for your flash chip):<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory.rom</b><br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory1.rom</b><br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -r factory2.rom</b><br/>
Note: the <b>-c</b> option is not required in libreboot's patched flashrom, because
the redundant flash chip definitions in <i>flashchips.c</i> have been removed.<br/>
Now compare the 3 images:<br/>
# <b>sha512sum factory*.rom</b><br/>
If the hashes match, then just copy one of them (the factory.rom) to a safe place (on a drive connected to another system, not
the BBB). This is useful for reverse engineering work, if there is a desirable behaviour in the original firmware
that could be replicated in coreboot and libreboot.
</p>
<p>
Follow the instructions at <a href="../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen">../hcl/gm45_remove_me.html#ich9gen</a>
to change the MAC address inside the libreboot ROM image, before flashing it.
Although there is a default MAC address inside the ROM image, this is not what you want. <b>Make sure
to always change the MAC address to one that is correct for your system.</b>
</p>
<p>
Now flash it:<br/>
# <b>./flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev1.0,spispeed=512 -w path/to/libreboot/rom/image.rom -V</b>
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/x200/disassembly/0015.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
You might see errors, but if it says <b>Verifying flash... VERIFIED</b> at the end, then it's flashed and should boot.
If you see errors, try again (and again, and again); the message <b>Chip content is identical to the requested image</b>
is also an indication of a successful installation.
</p>
<p>
Example output from running the command (see above):
</p>
<pre>
flashrom v0.9.7-r1854 on Linux 3.8.13-bone47 (armv7l)
flashrom is free software, get the source code at http://www.flashrom.org
Calibrating delay loop... OK.
Found Macronix flash chip "MX25L6405(D)" (8192 kB, SPI) on linux_spi.
Reading old flash chip contents... done.
Erasing and writing flash chip... FAILED at 0x00001000! Expected=0xff, Found=0x00, failed byte count from 0x00000000-0x0000ffff: 0xd716
ERASE FAILED!
Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.
Erase/write done.
Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
</pre>
<p>
<a href="#pagetop">Back to top of page.</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos" id="paste">
<h1>Thermal paste (IMPORTANT)</h1>
<p>
Because part of this procedure involved removing the heatsink, you will need to apply new paste.
Arctic MX-4 is ok. You will also need isopropyl alcohol and an anti-static cloth to clean with.
</p>
<p>
When re-installing the heatsink, you must first clean off all old paste with the alcohol/cloth.
Then apply new paste. Arctic MX-4 is also much better than the default paste used on these systems.
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t400/paste.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
NOTE: the photo above is for illustration purposes only, and does not show how to properly apply the thermal paste.
Other guides online detail the proper application procedure.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="wifi">Wifi</h1>
<p>
The T500 typically comes with an Intel wifi chipset, which does not
work without proprietary software. For a list of wifi chipsets that
work without proprietary software, see
<a href="../hcl/#recommended_wifi">../hcl/#recommended_wifi</a>.
</p>
<p>
Some T500 laptops might come with an Atheros chipset, but this is 802.11g only.
</p>
<p>
It is recommended that you install a new wifi chipset. This can only
be done after installing libreboot, because the original firmware has
a whitelist of approved chips, and it will refuse to boot if you
use an 'unauthorized' wifi card.
</p>
<p>
The following photos show an Atheros AR5B95 being installed, to
replace the Intel chip that this T500 came with:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/0012.jpg" alt="" />
<img src="images/t400/ar5b95.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1 id="wwan">WWAN</h1>
<p>
If you have a WWAN/3G card and/or sim card reader, remove them permanently.
The WWAN-3G card has DMA, and proprietary firmware inside; the technology is
identical to what is used in mobile phones, so it can also track your movements.
</p>
<p>
Not to be confused with wifi (wifi is fine).
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h1 id="memory">Memory</h1>
<p>
You need DDR3 SODIMM PC3-8500 RAM installed, in matching pairs
(speed/size). Non-matching pairs won't work. You can also install a
single module (meaning, one of the slots will be empty) in slot 0.
</p>
<p>
Make sure that the RAM you buy is the 2Rx8 density.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?p=760721">This page</a> might be useful for RAM compatibility info
(note: coreboot raminit is different, so this page might be BS)
</p>
<p>
The following photo shows 8GiB (2x4GiB) of RAM installed:<br/>
<img src="images/t400/memory.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="section photos">
<h2>
Boot it!
</h2>
<p>
You should see something like this:
</p>
<p>
<img src="images/t500/0062.jpg" alt="" />
</p>
<p>
Now <a href="../gnulinux/">install GNU+Linux</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<p>
Copyright © 2015 Leah Rowe <info@minifree.org><br/>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license
or any later version published by Creative Commons;
A copy of the license can be found at <a href="../cc-by-sa-4.0.txt">../cc-by-sa-4.0.txt</a>
</p>
<p>
Updated versions of the license (when available) can be found at
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode</a>
</p>
<p>
UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
</p>
<p>
TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
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